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2024-07-18 10:05:06 来源:尚普咨询 浏览量:0
尚普咨询认为,港口水运行业是国民经济的重要组成部分,也是我国对外贸易的主要通道。2022In 2010, the port and water transport industry faced greater challenges and pressures due to the neo-crown epidemic, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and fluctuations in international oil prices, but it also showed some resilience and potential.2023年,随着疫情防控和经济社会发展的统筹推进,港口水运行业有望迎来恢复性增长,但也需要应对市场竞争、环境保护、安全风险等多重挑战。本文从宏观环境、市场需求、运力供给、运价走势等方面分析了港口水运行业的发展现状和趋势,并提出了相应的市场营销策略建议。
一、宏观环境分析
1.政策环境。2022In 2002, the Ministry of Transport issued the Notice on Further Doing a Good Job in the Guarantee of Waterway Freight Transport Services.,《关于进一步做好水路旅客运输服务保障工作的通知》Notice on Further Doing a Good Job in Maritime RescueA series of policy documents are aimed at strengthening the guarantee of waterway cargo and passenger transportation services, improving maritime rescue capabilities, and promoting the healthy and stable development of the port water transportation industry.2023The Ministry of Transport will continue to implement the relevant requirements of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Transportation and the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Transportation, accelerate the high-quality development of the port and water transport industry, and promote the port and water transport industry to achieve a new leap during the 14th Five-Year Plan.
The economic environment.2022In, China's gross domestic product (GDP) reach114.6Trillion yuan, year-on-year growth8.1%The overall economic operation was stable and resumed growth.2023Throughout the year, China's economy will continue to maintain a steady and positive development trend.GDPThe growth rate will be in6%Left and right. China's foreign trade has also shown a trend of steady progress,2022The total value of China's imports and exports of goods reached36.5Trillion yuan, year-on-year growth14.8%。2023Throughout the year, China's foreign trade will continue to maintain a high level of growth, and the total value of imports and exports of goods is expected to reach40Trillion yuan. All these provide a broad market space and development opportunities for the port and water transport industry.
3. The social environment.2022The total population of our country reached14.18Hundreds of millions of people, including urban population9.23billion people, with an urbanization rate65.1%。2023Throughout the year, China's total population will continue to grow and the urbanization rate will further increase. All these mean that China's social consumption demand and living standards will continue to improve, and the demand for goods and passenger transport services in the port and water transport industry will continue to increase.
4. The natural environment.2022In, China was affected by typhoons, floods, droughts, earthquakes and other natural disasters, resulting in a certain degree of casualties and property losses.2023Throughout the year, China will still face a greater risk of natural disasters and need to strengthen disaster prevention and mitigation work. At the same time, my country will also actively respond to the challenges of climate change, promote the realization of the goal of carbon neutrality, strengthen ecological environmental protection and governance, and promote green and low-carbon development. All of these have put forward higher safety and environmental friendly requirements for the port and water transportation industry.
2. market demand analysis
1. Freight transport market demand analysis. According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022National port cargo throughput completed in152.7Billion tons, year-on-year growth4.1%; of which the coastal port cargo throughput is completed117.8billion tons, growth4.0%, inland port cargo throughput completed34.9billion tons, growth4.5%. In terms of cargo class structure, the percentage of bulk cargo is54.0%, the percentage of containers is16.0%, the percentage of liquid chemicals is12.0%, the proportion of liquefied gas is3.0%,原油占比为15.0%. In terms of trade structure, the proportion of foreign trade goods is38.0%The proportion of domestic trade goods is62.0%. In terms of regional structure, the proportion of port cargo throughput in East China is37.0%The proportion of South China is20.0%,华北地区占比为16.0%The northeast region accounts7.0%The southwest region accounts6.0%The northwest region accounts5.0%, the central and southern regions accounted9.0%。
2023年全年,预计全国港口货物吞吐量将达到160About 100 million tons, year-on-year growth4.8%; Among them, the cargo throughput of coastal ports will reach123亿吨左右、增长4.4%,内河港口货物吞吐量将达到37亿吨左右、增长6.0%。从货类结构看,散杂货占比将略有下降,集装箱占比将继续上升,液体化学品、液化气和原油占比将保持稳定。从贸易结构看,外贸货物占比将有所提高,内贸货物占比将有所降低。从区域结构看,华东地区港口货物吞吐量占比将继续领先,华南地区和华北地区港口货物吞吐量占比将有所增加,东北地区、西南地区、西北地区和中南地区港口货物吞吐量占比将有所减少。
2.旅客运输市场需求分析。据尚普咨询集团数据显示,2022年全国港口旅客吞运量完成3.2亿人次,同比增长6.5%;其中沿海港口旅客吞运量完成1.9亿人次、增长6.0%,内河港口旅客吞运量完成1.3亿人次、增长7.0%。从旅客类型看,外贸旅客占比为10.0%,内贸旅客占比为90.0%。从区域结构看,华东地区港口旅客吞运量占比为40.0%The proportion of South China is25.0%,华北地区占比为15.0%The northeast region accounts5.0%The southwest region accounts5.0%The northwest region accounts2.5%, the central and southern regions accounted7.5%。
2023年全年,预计全国港口旅客吞运量将达到3.4About 100 million people, a year-on-year increase.6.2%;其中沿海港口旅客吞运量将达到2.0亿人次左右、增长5.3%,内河港口旅客吞运量将达到1.4亿人次左右、增长7.7%。从旅客类型看,外贸旅客占比将略有上升,内贸旅客占比将略有下降。从区域结构看,华东地区港口旅客吞运量占比将继续居首,华南地区和华北地区港口旅客吞运量占比将有所提高,东北地区、西南地区、西北地区和中南地区港口旅客吞运量占比将有所降低。
三、运力供给分析
1.船舶数量分析。据尚普咨询集团数据显示,2022年全国水路运输船舶总数为17万艘,同比增长1.5%;其中沿海船舶总数为8万艘、增长1.2%,内河船舶总数为9万艘、增长1.8%。从船舶类型看,散杂货船占比为40.0%,集装箱船占比为10.0%,液体化学品船占比为15.0%,液化气船占比为5.0%,原油船占比为10.0%,其他类型船舶(如滚装船、多用途船等)占比为20.0%。
2023年全年,预计全国水路运输船舶总数将达到17.2万艘左右,同比增长1.2%;其中沿海船舶总数将达到8.1万艘左右、增长1.0%,内河船舶总数将达到9.1万艘左右、增长1.4%。从船舶类型看,散杂货船占比将略有下降,集装箱船占比将继续上升,液体化学品船、液化气船和原油船占比将保持稳定,其他类型船舶占比将略有增加。
2.船舶吨位分析。据尚普咨询集团数据显示,2022年全国水路运输船舶总吨位为3.5亿载重吨,同比增长3.0%;其中沿海船舶总吨位为2.6亿载重吨、增长3.2%,内河船舶总吨位为0.9亿载重吨、增长2.5%。从船舶类型看,散杂货船占比为45.0%,集装箱船占比为15.0%,液体化学品船占比为12.0%,液化气船占比为3.0%,原油船占比为15.0%,其他类型船舶占比为10.0%。
2023年全年,预计全国水路运输船舶总吨位将达到3.6亿载重吨左右,同比增长2.9%;其中沿海船舶总吨位将达到2.7亿载重吨左右、增长3.1%,内河船舶总吨位将达到0.9亿载重吨左右、增长2.4%。从船舶类型看,散杂货船占比将略有下降,集装箱船占比将继续上升,液体化学品船、液化气船和原油船占比将保持稳定,其他类型船舶占比将略有增加。
四、运价走势分析
1.货物运输运价走势分析。据尚普咨询集团数据显示,2022年全国港口货物运输平均运价为每吨公里0.15元,同比上涨5.0%;其中沿海港口货物运输平均运价为每吨公里0.18元、上涨5.5%,内河港口货物运输平均运价为每吨公里0.12元、上涨4.3%。从货类结构看,散杂货运价为每吨公里0.14元、上涨4.8%,集装箱运价为每标箱公里1.5元、上涨6.8%,液体化学品运价为每吨公里0.16元、上涨5.3%,液化气运价为每吨公里0.18元、上涨5.9%,原油运价为每吨公里0.17元、上涨5.6%。
2023年全年,预计全国港口货物运输平均运价将达到每吨公里0.16元左右,同比上涨6.7%;其中沿海港口货物运输平均运价将达到每吨公里0.19元左右、上涨5.6%,内河港口货物运输平均运价将达到每吨公里0.13元左右、上涨8.3%。从货类结构看,散杂货运价将达到每吨公里0.15元左右、上涨6.0%,集装箱运价将达到每标箱公里1.6元左右、上涨6.7%,液体化学品运价将达到每吨公里0.17元左右、上涨6.2%,液化气运价将达到每吨公里0.19元左右、上涨5.6%,原油运价将达到每吨公里0.18元左右、上涨5.9%。
2.旅客运输运价走势分析。据尚普咨询集团数据显示,2022年全国港口旅客运输平均运价为每人公里0.25元,同比上涨3.0%;其中沿海港口旅客运输平均运价为每人公里0.28元、上涨3.2%,内河港口旅客运输平均运价为每人公里0.22元、上涨2.8%。从旅客类型看,外贸旅客运价为每人公里0.35元、上涨3.5%,内贸旅客运价为每人公里0.24元、上涨2.9%。
2023年全年,预计全国港口旅客运输平均运价将达到每人公里0.26元左右,同比上涨4.0%;其中沿海港口旅客运输平均运价将达到每人公里0.29元左右、上涨3.6%,内河港口旅客运输平均运价将达到每人公里0.23元左右、上涨4.5%。从旅客类型看,外贸旅客运价将达到每人公里0.36元左右、上涨2.9%,内贸旅客运价将达到每人公里0.25元左右、上涨4.2%。
五、市场营销策略建议
根据港口水运行业的发展现状和趋势,本文提出以下市场营销策略建议:
1.加强市场调研和预测,提高市场敏感度和适应能力。港口水运行业是一个受多方面因素影响的复杂系统,需要及时掌握市场动态和变化,做好市场分析和预测,及时调整经营策略和行动方案。建议港口水运企业加强与政府部门、行业协会、科研机构等的沟通合作,利用大数据、云计算等技术手段,建立完善的市场信息收集和分析系统,提高对市场需求、供给、竞争、风险等方面的敏感度和适应能力,提前做好应对措施和预案。
2.优化航线布局和船舶结构,提高运输效率和服务质量。港口水运行业是一个典型的供需匹配的行业,需要根据市场需求的变化,合理安排航线布局和船舶结构,提高资源利用率和服务水平。建议港口水运企业根据货物和旅客的流向和特点,优化航线网络和航班安排,增加重点区域和市场的覆盖度和频次,减少空驶率和等待时间。同时,根据货物和旅客的需求和特性,优化船舶类型和规模,增加集装箱船、滚装船等高效率、高附加值的船舶比例,提高载货量和载客量,降低单位成本和能耗。
3.加强品牌建设和宣传推广,提升市场影响力和竞争力。港口水运行业是一个充分竞争的行业,需要通过品牌建设和宣传推广,提升市场知名度和美誉度,增强客户忠诚度和满意度,扩大市场份额和优势。建议港口水运企业树立品牌意识和战略,打造具有特色和优势的品牌形象和文化,突出自身的核心价值和竞争力。同时,利用网络、媒体、社交平台等多种渠道和方式,积极开展宣传推广活动,展示企业的发展成就和社会责任,增加与客户的互动和沟通,提升客户的认知度和信任度。
4.加强科技创新和数字化转型,提升智能化水平和管理能力。港口水运行业是一个技术密集的行业,需要通过科技创新和数字化转型,提升智能化水平和管理能力,提高运输安全性和可靠性,降低运营风险和成本。建议港口水运企业加大科技投入和研发力度,引进和应用先进的技术设备和系统,如智能船舶、智能港口、智能调度、智能监控等,实现船舶、港口、货物、旅客等各环节的信息化、自动化、智能化。同时,加快数字化转型的步伐,构建数字化平台和生态系统,实现数据的采集、分析、共享、应用等全流程的数字化管理,提高决策效率和服务质量。
5.加强合作交流和资源共享,拓展合作空间和发展机遇。港口水运行业是一个开放的行业,需要通过合作交流和资源共享,拓展合作空间和发展机遇,实现互利共赢和共同发展。建议港口水运企业加强与国内外同行的合作交流,建立战略联盟或合资合作等多种合作模式,实现航线互通、船舶互换、客户互送等资源共享,提高市场占有率和收益率。同时,积极参与国家倡导的“一带一路”、“海上丝绸之路”等重大战略项目,拓展国际市场和合作伙伴,增加国际影响力和话语权。
6. epilogue
港口水运行业是国民经济的重要组成部分,也是我国对外贸易的主要通道。2023年,随着疫情防控和经济社会发展的统筹推进,港口水运行业有望迎来恢复性增长,但也需要应对市场竞争、环境保护、安全风险等多重挑战。本文从宏观环境、市场需求、运力供给、运价走势等方面分析了港口水运行业的发展现状和趋势,并提出了相应的市场营销策略建议。希望本文能为港口水运企业提供有价值的参考和指导。
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