For detailed cases, please contact the consultant.
400-969-2866

2024-07-18 09:52:46 来源:尚普咨询 浏览量:0
港口码头行业是水路运输的起点和终点,是连接铁路、公路、航空和管道等多种运输方式的枢纽,对国民经济的发展起着重要的作用。近年来,随着我国经济社会的快速发展和国际贸易的不断扩大,我国港口码头行业也取得了显著的成就,但同时也面临着一些挑战和问题。本文将从以下几个方面分析2023年港口码头行业的市场现状和挑战,并提出相应的建议和对策。
1. infrastructure
According to data from Champ Consulting Group,2022At the end of the year, the national railway operating mileage reached15.7万公里,其中高铁营业里程4.4万公里;全国公路里程达到54.5Ten thousand kilometers, of which highway mileage18.1万公里;全国内河航道通航里程达到12.9Ten thousand kilometers, of which the navigable mileage of Class III and above channels1.510,000 kilometers; the national certification civil air transport airport reached260One of the regular flights to the airport.259The country has all kinds of business outlets in the postal industry.44.5million, which are located in rural areas12Ten thousand places; national bus and tram operating lines8Ten thousand, total length of operating lines17.110,000 kilometers; urban rail transit operating lines305Article, Operating Mileage9.9Ten thousand kilometers.
As can be seen from the above data, China's comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning outlineThe infrastructure construction goals proposed during the 14th Five-Year Plan period have been basically achieved or exceeded. China's port industry has also made great progress on this basis.By the end of 2022, the national port production terminal berths will reach21.8Ten thousand, an increase over the end of last year0.5Ten thousand. Wherein, wharf berths for production in coastal ports5.5Ten thousand, increase0.110,000, wharf berths for inland port production16.3Ten thousand, increase0.4Ten thousand. National port berths of 10,000 tons and above reach2.9Ten thousand, an increase over the end of last year0.1Ten thousand. From the distribution structure, coastal ports 10,000 tons and above berths2.4Ten thousand, increase0.1Ten thousand, berths of ten thousand tons and above in inland ports0.510,000, flat. In terms of usage structure, specialized berths of 10,000 tons and above1.5Ten thousand, increase0.110,000, general bulk cargo berths of 10,000 tons and above0.7Ten thousand, flat, general grocery berths.0.5Ten thousand, reduce0.1Ten thousand.
From the above data, it can be seen that the level of infrastructure construction in China's port and terminal industry has been continuously improved, the scale and capacity of ports have been continuously expanded, the layout and structure of ports have been continuously optimized, and port services and functions have been continuously improved. At the same time, China's port and terminal industry also actively responds to the national "double carbon" goal, accelerates the construction of green ports, implements the dual control system of total energy consumption and intensity of ports, promotes the use of clean energy and new energy vehicles and ships, strengthens port pollution prevention and ecological restoration, and improves port environmental quality and resource utilization efficiency.2022National Green Port Demonstration Project106个,其中一级绿色港口示范项目18个,二级绿色港口示范项目36Level 3 Green Port Demonstration Project52A. National Green Wharf Demonstration Project1008个,其中一级绿色码头示范项目168Level 2 Green Wharf Demonstration Project336Level 3 Green Wharf Demonstration Project504A.
尚普咨询认为,我国港口码头行业基础设施建设取得了显著成效,为我国经济社会发展提供了有力支撑。但同时也要看到,我国港口码头行业基础设施建设还存在一些不足和问题。一是港口建设与需求之间的匹配度不高,部分地区出现了过剩或不足的现象。二是港口建设与运输方式之间的协调性不强,部分地区铁水联运、公水联运等多式联运能力不足。三是港口建设与环境保护之间的平衡性不够,部分地区港口建设对海岸线、湿地、生物多样性等造成了一定影响。四是港口建设与科技创新之间的结合度不深,部分地区港口智能化、信息化、标准化等水平较低。
In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward the following suggestions and countermeasures:
(1)加强港口需求预测和规划编制,科学确定港口建设规模和节奏,避免盲目扩张或滞后发展。
(2) Strengthen the connection and supporting of ports with other modes of transportation such as railways, highways, and aviation, and improve the efficiency and level of multimodal transportation.
(3) Strengthen the assessment and monitoring of port ecological environment impact, implement strict access system and exit mechanism, and prevent or reduce the damage to natural resources and ecosystem.
(4)加强港口科技创新和人才培养,引进和应用先进的技术装备和管理方法,提高港口智能化、信息化、标准化等水平。
2. transportation equipment
According to data from Champ Consulting Group,2022年年末,全国港口拥有各类运输船舶6.2万艘,总载重吨数4.1亿吨,比上年末分别增加0.2万艘和0.1亿吨。其中,沿海港口拥有运输船舶3.8万艘,总载重吨数3.2亿吨,比上年末分别增加0.1万艘和0.1亿吨;内河港口拥有运输船舶2.4万艘,总载重吨数0.9亿吨,比上年末分别增加0.1万艘和持平。从船舶类型看,全国港口拥有散货船2.5万艘,总载重吨数2.6亿吨,比上年末分别增加0.1万艘和0.1亿吨;集装箱船0.8万艘,总载重吨数0.7亿吨,比上年末分别增加0.1万艘和持平;油轮0.6万艘,总载重吨数0.5亿吨,比上年末分别减少0.1万艘和持平;其他类型船舶2.3万艘,总载重吨数0.3亿吨,比上年末分别增加0.1万艘和持平。从船舶规模看,全国港口拥有10万载重吨及以上大型运输船舶1.5万艘,总载重吨数3.5亿吨,占全国港口运输船舶的24%and85%;5万至10万载重吨中型运输船舶1.2万艘,总载重吨数0.4亿吨,占全国港口运输船舶的19%and10%;5万载重吨以下小型运输船舶3.5万艘,总载重吨数0.2亿吨,占全国港口运输船舶的57%and5%。
从上述数据可以看出,我国港口码头行业运输装备更新换代速度加快,运输能力不断提升,运输结构不断优化。同时,我国港口码头行业也积极推进智能化、绿色化、安全化的运输装备发展方向。根据尚普咨询集团的数据显示,2022年全国共有智能化运输装备示范项目200个,其中智能化集装箱码头示范项目20个,智能化散货码头示范项目30个,智能化油气码头示范项目10个,智能化水路运输示范项目140个。全国共有绿色化运输装备示范项目300个,其中绿色化集装箱码头示范项目30个,绿色化散货码头示范项目40个,绿色化油气码头示范项目20个,绿色化水路运输示范项目210个。全国共有安全化运输装备示范项目400个,其中安全化集装箱码头示范项目40个,安全化散货码头示范项目50个,安全化油气码头示范项目30个,安全化水路运输示范项目280A.
尚普咨询认为,我国港口码头行业运输装备发展取得了显著成效,为我国水路运输提供了有力保障。但同时也要看到,我国港口码头行业运输装备发展还存在一些不足和问题。一是运输装备与市场需求之间的匹配度不高,部分地区出现了运输能力过剩或不足的现象。二是运输装备与国际标准之间的接轨度不强,部分地区运输装备的技术水平、质量水平、安全水平等与国际先进水平存在一定差距。三是运输装备与节能减排之间的协调度不够,部分地区运输装备的能耗水平、排放水平、噪音水平等仍然较高。四是运输装备与创新能力之间的结合度不深,部分地区运输装备的研发投入、创新成果、知识产权等仍然较低。
In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward the following suggestions and countermeasures:
(1)加强运输装备需求预测和供给调节,科学确定运输装备更新换代规模和节奏,避免盲目扩充或落后更新。
(2)加强运输装备国际交流和合作,引进和借鉴国际先进的技术标准、质量标准、安全标准等,提高运输装备的国际竞争力。
(3)加强运输装备节能减排和环保监管,推广使用清洁能源和新能源运输装备,加强运输装备的能耗监测、排放监测、噪音监测等,提高运输装备的环境友好性。
(4)加强运输装备创新和人才培养,增加对运输装备研发的投入和支持,加强对运输装备创新成果的保护和转化,提高运输装备的创新水平。
三、运输量
据尚普咨询集团数据显示 ,2022年全年,全国港口完成货物吞吐量155.6亿吨,比上年增长5.2%。其中,沿海港口完成货物吞吐量113.9亿吨,比上年增长5.6%;内河港口完成货物吞吐量41.7亿吨,比上年增长4.2%。从货物类型看,全国港口完成散货吞吐量96.8亿吨,比上年增长6.1%;集装箱吞吐量3.9亿标箱,比上年增长4.8%;油气吞吐量18.7亿吨,比上年增长3.2%;其他类型货物吞吐量36.2亿吨,比上年增长4.5%。从贸易方式看,全国港口完成进出口货物吞吐量51.8亿吨,比上年增长7.8%;国内贸易货物吞吐量103.8亿吨,比上年增长3.9%。
从上述数据可以看出,我国港口码头行业运输量保持了稳定增长的态势,反映了我国经济社会发展的良好势头。同时,我国港口码头行业也积极适应国际贸易形势的变化,优化了进出口货物结构和布局。根据尚普咨询集团的数据显示,2022年全国港口进出口货物中,以散货为主的大宗商品占比为60%,其中煤炭占比为15%,铁矿石占比为20%,粮食占比为10%,其他散货占比为15%;以集装箱为主的成品商品占比为40%,其中机电产品占比为20%,纺织服装占比为10%,其他成品商品占比为10%。从地域分布看,全国港口进出口货物中,以亚洲为主的贸易伙伴占比为50%,其中东亚占比为30%,东南亚占比为10%,其他亚洲地区占比为10%;以欧洲为主的贸易伙伴占比为20%,其中欧盟占比为15%,其他欧洲地区占比为5%;以美洲为主的贸易伙伴占比为15%,其中北美占比为10%,南美占比为5%;以非洲和大洋洲为主的贸易伙伴占比为15%,其中非洲占比为10%,大洋洲占比为5%。
尚普咨询认为,我国港口码头行业运输量体现了我国水路运输的活力和潜力。但同时也要看到,我国港口码头行业运输量还存在一些不足和问题。一是运输量与市场需求之间的匹配度不高,部分地区出现了运输供需失衡的现象。二是运输量与国际贸易之间的适应度不强,部分地区出现了对外依存度过高或过低的现象。三是运输量与运输效率之间的关联度不够,部分地区出现了运输拥堵或空驶的现象。四是运输量与运输质量之间的保障度不足,部分地区出现了运输安全或服务质量的问题。
In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward the following suggestions and countermeasures:
(1)加强运输量需求预测和供给调节,科学确定运输量增长目标和控制指标,避免盲目追求或压制增长。
(2)加强运输量国际交流和合作,积极参与和推动区域经济一体化和全球贸易自由化,提高运输量的国际影响力。
(3)加强运输量效率提升和优化,推进港口集疏分离和多式联运,提高港口通关效率和水路运输效率。
(4)加强运输量质量保障和提高,加强港口安全监管和水路安全监督,加强港口服务规范和水路服务评价,提高港口安全水平和水路服务水平。
四、收入
据尚普咨询集团数据显示 ,2022年全年,全国港口实现营业收入2.8trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year6.8%。其中,沿海港口实现营业收入2.1trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year7.2%;内河港口实现营业收入0.7trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year5.6%。从收入来源看,全国港口实现货物吞吐收入1.4trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year5.5%;集装箱吞吐收入0.6trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year4.9%;油气吞吐收入0.2trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year3.4%;其他类型货物吞吐收入0.2trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year4.7%;其他业务收入0.4trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year12.3%。从收入结构看,全国港口货物吞吐收入占比为50%,集装箱吞吐收入占比为21%,油气吞吐收入占比为7%,其他类型货物吞吐收入占比为7%,其他业务收入占比为15%。
从上述数据可以看出,我国港口码头行业收入保持了较快增长的态势,反映了我国港口码头行业的经营效益和盈利能力。同时,我国港口码头行业也积极拓展和创新业务模式,提高了收入的多元化和附加值。2022年全国港口开展了多种新型业务模式,包括港口综合物流、港口产业园区、港口跨境电商、港口保税仓储、港口船舶维修、港口旅游观光等,实现了与相关产业的深度融合和互利共赢。
尚普咨询认为,我国港口码头行业收入体现了我国港口码头行业的发展潜力和竞争优势。但同时也要看到,我国港口码头行业收入还存在一些不足和问题。一是收入与成本之间的平衡度不高,部分地区出现了收入增长低于成本增长的现象。二是收入与风险之间的抵御度不强,部分地区出现了受市场波动或突发事件影响的现象。三是收入与税负之间的合理度不够,部分地区出现了税负过重或优惠不足的现象。四是收入与投资之间的回报度不足,部分地区出现了投资回报率低或投资效果差的现象。
In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward the following suggestions and countermeasures:
(1)加强收入成本管理和控制,科学确定收费标准和成本预算,避免盲目降价或提高成本。
(2)加强收入风险防范和应对,建立健全风险评估和应急机制,避免或减少因市场波动或突发事件造成的损失。
(3)加强收入税负调节和优化,合理确定税率和税基,享受政策性减免或优惠。
(4)加强收入投资决策和评估,科学确定投资方向和规模,提高投资回报率和效果。
五、竞争格局
据尚普咨询集团数据显示 ,2022年年末,全国共有港口企业1.2万家,其中国有企业0.6万家,民营企业0.4万家,外资企业0.2万家。从规模看,全国共有大型港口企业200家,中型港口企业800家,小型港口企业1万家。从地域看,全国共有东部地区港口企业0.6万家,中部地区港口企业0.3万家,西部地区港口企业0.2万家,东北地区港口企业0.1万家。从市场份额看,全国前十大港口企业分别是中国海运集团、中国远洋海运集团、中国港口集团、中国石油化工集团、中国石油天然气集团、中国中铁集团、中国交通建设集团、中国电力建设集团。这十大港口企业共完成货物吞吐量86.7亿吨,占全国港口货物吞吐量的55.7%;完成集装箱吞吐量2.3亿标箱,占全国港口集装箱吞吐量的58.9%;实现营业收入1.6万亿元,占全国港口营业收入的57.1%。
从上述数据可以看出,我国港口码头行业竞争格局呈现出以下特点:一是国有企业占据主导地位,民营企业和外资企业参与度较低。二是大型企业占据优势地位,中小型企业竞争力较弱。三是东部地区企业占据主流地位,中西部和东北地区企业发展不平衡。四是前十大企业占据绝对地位,其他企业市场份额较小。
尚普咨询认为,我国港口码头行业竞争格局体现了我国港口码头行业的发展水平和市场规律。但同时也要看到,我国港口码头行业竞争格局还存在一些不足和问题。一是竞争格局与市场开放之间的协调度不够,部分地区出现了垄断或排斥的现象。二是竞争格局与产业升级之间的推动度不强,部分地区出现了同质化或低端化的现象。三是竞争格局与区域协作之间的促进度不足,部分地区出现了分散或对抗的现象。四是竞争格局与社会责任之间的履行度不高,部分地区出现了损害或忽视的现象。
In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward the following suggestions and countermeasures:
(1)加强竞争格局市场开放和监管,鼓励和引导民营企业和外资企业参与港口码头行业,打破垄断或排斥的壁垒。
(2)加强竞争格局产业升级和创新,鼓励和引导大型企业和中小型企业进行差异化或高端化的发展,打破同质化或低端化的困境。
(3)加强竞争格局区域协作和联动,鼓励和引导东部地区和中西部及东北地区进行资源共享或优势互补的合作,打破分散或对抗的障碍。
(4)加强竞争格局社会责任和履行,鼓励和引导国有企业和其他企业进行公益投入或环境保护的行动,打破损害或忽视的习惯。
6. epilogue
本文从基础设施、运输装备、运输量、收入、竞争格局等方面分析了2023年港口码头行业的市场现状和挑战,并提出了相应的建议和对策。总体来看,我国港口码头行业在2022年取得了显著的成就,但同时也面临着一些问题和困难。尚普咨询认为,我国港口码头行业要在未来的发展中,坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,贯彻落实新发展理念,坚持高质量发展,坚持绿色发展,坚持开放发展,坚持创新发展,坚持协调发展,坚持共享发展,不断提升港口码头行业的综合实力和国际竞争力,为建设海洋强国和交通强国做出更大的贡献。
Consulting Services
economic database
See more>Brand Rankings
See more>Shangpu Consulting Group: Market Survey of Top Ten Brands of imported Fruits in January 2023
Shangpu Consulting Group: Market Research on Top Ten New Products of Electrical Appliances in December 2022
Shangpu Consulting Group: Market Survey of Top Ten Popular Brands in January 2023
Shangpu Consulting Group: Market Research on Top Ten Brands of Home Administration Cleaning in January 2023
On July 05, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "In-process Plastic Market Research Project in the Automotive Sector. The customer said: The project report completed by Shangpu Consulting in cooperation with our company is due to the wide range of projects and strong professional products. Thank you very much for the professional and detailed market research report of Shangpu Consulting. I look forward to cooperating again next time and wish Shangpu Consulting by going up one storey! Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 05, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "Research Project of the Network Designated City Transport Company. The customer said: The market research project provided by Shangpu Consulting for our company has provided us with a valuable reference basis for objectively evaluating the current market situation of the industry and achieved the expected goal. I also wish Champ Consulting the development of by going up one storey! Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for "A Brand Sales Leading Research Project in the Water Purifier Industry. The customer said: The market research project provided by Shangpu Consulting for our company has provided us with a valuable reference basis for objectively evaluating the current market situation of the industry and achieved the expected goal. I also wish Champ Consulting the development of by going up one storey! Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
July 07, 2020, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer's "Lithium Battery Enterprise Sales Strategy and Production Cost Research Project. The customer said: The market research project provided by Shangpu Consulting for our company has provided us with a valuable reference basis for objectively evaluating the current market situation of the industry and achieved the expected goal. I also wish Champ Consulting the development of by going up one storey! Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "Coal Mine Tunnel Drilling Rig Market Share Proof Project. The customer said: The survey plan of Shangpu Consulting is rigorous in design, scientific in method, standardized and rigorous in survey organization process, and basically reliable survey data, which provides relatively credible first-hand information for our research work. The research results are of great help to our company to understand the whole picture of the industry. Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from a customer for "A Brand in an Industry Leading Sales Research Project for Three Consecutive Years. The customer said: The survey plan of Shangpu Consulting is rigorous in design, scientific in method, standardized and rigorous in survey organization process, and basically reliable survey data, which provides relatively credible first-hand information for our research work. The research results are of great help to our company to understand the whole picture of the industry. Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "China Bird's Nest Industry Market Ranking Research Project. The customer said: has cooperated many times, as always satisfied, also recommend to other enterprises cooperation. Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 09, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for a hazardous waste treatment research project. The customer said: this is the organizational structure of the survey, the service process is very good, wish your company's consulting work is getting better and better, look forward to the next cooperation. I wish users a prosperous career, evergreen foundation!
On July 16, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the Shared Beauty Research Project. The customer said: The content of Phase I and Phase II is satisfactory, and we look forward to signing a long-term agreement in the later period. The research part of the country will continue to cooperate with your company. I wish users a prosperous career, evergreen foundation!
On July 09, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "Research Project on the Organizational Structure of Two Liquor Production Enterprises. The customer said: This is an organizational structure survey, the service process is very good, looking forward to the next cooperation. I wish users a prosperous career, evergreen foundation!
Research Module | research content | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Market research | Industry status | market capacity | Product Application | channel mode | Supply chain | market competition | Market Consulting |
Competitor Research | Enterprise background | Enterprise Finance | Sales Data | Market Strategy | Production Equipment | Supply Procurement | Technology R & D |
warehousing logistics | channel construction | Human Resources | Enterprise Strategy | ||||
User Research | Consumer Survey | consumption behavior attitude | Publicity/Promotion | Product Service | Brand Research | consumer characteristics | |
satisfaction survey | Employee satisfaction | user satisfaction | |||||
Market Entry Advisory | Macro Industry Research | competitive enterprise research | Downstream User Research | Channel Research | Due Diligence | Return on Investment | |
Floor module | Landing implementation recommendations | Long-term cooperation | |||||
Business investment due diligence | Target industry market investment value due diligence | Industry Benchmarking Enterprise Research | Target Enterprise Credit Assessment Report | Project investment due diligence | |||
industry planning | Market research | market access | development strategy | investment location | Acquisition and integration | IPO Fundraising | |
Credit Report | Basic information | Major Events | Production/Operation Network | enterprise scale | Operating strength | Financial strength | Legal risk |
Future business prediction | Overall credit rating | cooperative risk warning | |||||
Brand/Sales Proof | Market Share Proof | Market Share Proof | Proof of brand strength | Industry Proof | Specialized new proof | Proof of sales strength | Proof of technological leadership |
National/Global Status Certificate |
15 Year
Champ Consulting has been established for 15 years.
48 Intellectual Property Rights
Independent methodology
80% of the information comes from first-hand research.
118 Billionth
Self-built database 11.8 billion
Covering 1978 industries in China
0.1 billion new data per year
Industry Big Data Platform
118 +
Have a 300 team of professional consultants
Practical operation and management experience of top enterprises
88% of members have international PMP certificates
48 Item
Independent methodology
48 independent intellectual property rights
high-tech enterprise
Industry Big Data Platform
400-969-2866