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2024-07-18 09:52:52 来源:尚普咨询 浏览量:0
线束行业是汽车电气系统的重要组成部分,主要由导线、端子、接插件及护套等组成,将中央控制部件和汽车控制单元、电子电器执行单元、电器件连接在一起,构成汽车的电控系统。线束行业是汽车能源、各种信号运输的载体,是汽车的血管和神经系统。
一、市场背景
2. market size
三、成本拆分
从成本拆分来看,线束所需人工成本较高。线束需根据不同车型以及车内不同部位进行不同的布线设计,所以需较多人力进行线束的捆扎加工。因此线束的营业成本中,人工成本占比较线缆行业高一些,根据卡倍亿的2022年年度报告,线束的直接人工费用占比为12.76%,略低于2021年的13.43%。根据沪光股份的2023年半年度报告,线束的直接人工费用占比为11.85%,继续下降。这可能与线束行业的自动化水平提高有关。而根据先正达集团的2022年年度报告,线缆的直接人工费用占比为1.67%,高于2021of the year1.43%。这可能与线缆行业的劳动力市场供需有关。
四、产业链
线束行业产业链上下游关系较为简单:中游线缆厂商采购铜材等金属进行拉丝、成缆等工艺制成线缆,下游线束厂商将连接器与线缆压接、捆扎等,形成线束。下游线束行业集中度高,国产替代空间较大。汽车厂商尤其是全球汽车品牌通常实行高标准、严要求的供应商管理,供应商体系较为封闭。少数外资及合资汽车线束企业长时间占据了绝大部分的市场份额,形成了汽车线束行业寡头竞争的局面。2022年线束行业CR3为66.8%,CR5 为 77.5%,集中度较高。随着国内自主品牌的崛起,国内主机厂逐步将供应商切换至本土品牌,线束行业的国产替代空间较大。
五、发展趋势
随着汽车电气架构的复杂化,单车线束用量迅速增长。四十年来汽车电子技术爆发,汽车线束单车用量迅速增长。20 Century 50 年代,汽车如雪佛兰贝尔艾尔只有极少的电气组件,依靠最基本的环形端子连接;70 年代,汽车开始引入电子元件,而且排放要求和电子模块也随之出现,线束开始对电气系统提出了专业要求;2000~2010 年,汽车电子技术与日俱增,消费电子产品集成增加的线束用量,汽车线束单车用量从 2000 of the year 1.5 公里增加到 2010 of the year3公里;2010 年以后,汽车电气架构进入智能化、网联化、电动化时代,线束单车用量将继续增长,预计到 2025 年,线束单车用量将达到 4.5 Kilometers.
新能源汽车的高压线束需求量大,技术难度高。新能源汽车的高压线束主要包括动力电池组与电机、电控器之间的连接线束、充电接口与动力电池组之间的连接线束、动力电池组内部的连接线束等。高压线束的技术难度较低压线束高出一个数量级,需要满足更高的安全性、可靠性和耐久性要求。高压线束的设计和制造需要考虑多方面的因素,如电气性能、机械性能、热稳定性、耐腐蚀性、耐老化性、防水防尘等。
国内线束企业正加速追赶国际先进水平,提升自主创新能力。目前国内线束企业在技术水平、产品质量、品牌影响力等方面仍存在一定差距,但随着国内自主品牌汽车的崛起和国产替代的推进,国内线束企业正加速追赶国际先进水平,提升自主创新能力。一方面,国内线束企业通过与国际知名企业合作或收购,引进先进技术和管理经验,提升产品质量和市场竞争力。例如,沪光股份与日本古河电工合作生产高压线束,并收购了德国德科斯米尔集团旗下的德科斯米尔汽车系统有限公司(DAS),成为其全资子公司。另一方面,国内线束企业通过加大研发投入,开发符合市场需求和技术趋势的新产品,提升自主创新能力。例如,金亭股份在2021年研发了一种新型高压线束连接器,具有防误插拔功能和防水功能,并获得了国家发明专利。
六、总结
according to champ consulting,2023年是中国新能源汽车市场的爆发年,带来了对线束行业的巨大需求。线束行业是汽车电气系统的重要组成部分,是汽车的血管和神经系统。随着汽车电气架构的复杂化,单车线束用量迅速增长。新能源汽车的高压线束需求量大,技术难度高。国内线束企业正加速追赶国际先进水平,提升自主创新能力。未来线束行业将面临机遇和挑战并存的局面。
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