Grain logistics refers to the whole process from grain production to consumption, involving grain transportation, storage, processing, distribution and other activities. Grain logistics is not only an important link to ensure national food security and market stability, but also an important way to improve agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. North China is an important grain production and consumption area in China, and the development level and efficiency of grain logistics industry directly affect the national food security and economic and social development.

Analysis of Grain Market in North China in 1.

According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022The grain sown area in North China (including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia) was2.76100 million mu, accounting for the whole country18.6%Increase over the previous year.0.3%; total grain output was1.35Billion tons, accounting for the whole country20.2%Increase over the previous year.1.5%. Among them, the sown area of wheat is1.42100 million mu, accounting for the whole country54.9%Increase over the previous year.0.4%; wheat yield was0.84Billion tons, accounting for the whole country53.7%Increase over the previous year.1.8%. Corn sown area is0.97100 million mu, accounting for the whole country14.7%Increase over the previous year.0.2%; maize yield0.42Billion tons, accounting for the whole country13.8%Increase over the previous year.1.2%。

Champ Consulting is expected.2023The grain sown area in North China is expected to be2.77100 million mu, an increase over the previous year0.4%; total grain production is expected to be1.37Billion tons, an increase over the previous year1.5%. Among them, the wheat sown area is expected to be1.43100 million mu, an increase over the previous year0.7%; wheat production is expected to be0.86Billion tons, an increase over the previous year2.4%. Corn sown area is expected to be0.98100 million mu, an increase over the previous year1%; corn production is expected to be0.43Billion tons, an increase over the previous year2.4%。

From the above data, we can see that North China is the main wheat production base and corn production province in China, and its grain production capacity is stable and strong, which plays an important role in ensuring the national grain supply. At the same time, North China is also an important food consumption area in China, and its population size and economic level are in the forefront of the country. According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,The population of North China in 2022 is about2.23Hundreds of millions of people, accounting for the whole country15.9%Increase over the previous year.0.5%; per capitaGDPAbout6Ten thousand yuan, accounting for the whole country21%Increase over the previous year.6%。2022North China's grain consumption in1.24Billion tons, accounting for the whole country18.5%Increase over the previous year.1.2%. of which wheat consumption is about0.52Billion tons, accounting for the whole country33.3%Increase over the previous year.1.4%; corn consumption is about0.38Billion tons, accounting for the whole country12.5%Increase over the previous year.1%。

According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2023The population of North China for the whole2.25Hundreds of millions of people, an increase over the previous year.0.9%; per capitaGDPis expected to be6.4Ten thousand yuan, an increase over the previous year6.7%。2023Grain consumption in North China is expected to be1.26Billion tons, an increase over the previous year1.6%. Among them, wheat consumption is expected to be0.53Billion tons, an increase over the previous year2%; corn consumption is expected to be0.39Billion tons, an increase over the previous year2.6%。

From the above data, it can be seen that the demand for food consumption in North China is strong and continues to grow, which is mainly affected by factors such as population growth, economic development, increase in residents' income, and upgrading of consumption structure. At the same time, because there is a certain gap between grain production and consumption in North China, the grainLogistics demand is also greater. According to data from Champ Consulting Group，2022The grain logistics demand in North China in0.65Billion tons, accounting for the whole country17.3%Increase over the previous year.1.4%；2023The grain logistics demand in North China is expected to be0.66Billion tons, an increase over the previous year1.5%。

Analysis of Grain Logistics Supply in North China of 2.

Grain logistics supply refers to the logistics resources and capabilities needed to meet the needs of grain logistics. Grain logistics supply mainly includes grain transportation, storage, processing, distribution and other links. The level and efficiency of grain logistics supply directly affect the stability and development of grain market.

(I) grain transportation

Grain transportation refers to the process of transporting grain from the place of origin or reserve to the place of sale or processing plant. Grain transportation is an important part of grain logistics, and it is also the main component of grain logistics cost. According to data from Champ Consulting Group，2022grain transport in North China in0.63Billion tons, accounting for the whole country17%Increase over the previous year.1.3%；2023The grain transportation volume in North China is expected to be0.64Billion tons, an increase over the previous year1.6%。

According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022The total length of highway mileage in North China is about 6110,000 kilometers, accounting for 16.8 per cent of the country's total.An increase of 0.8 percent over the previous year.The total length of railway operating mileage is about 7Ten thousand kilometers, accounting for 19% of the countryAn increase of 1.2 percent over the previous year.The total length of waterway navigation mileage is about 2Ten thousand kilometers, accounting for 9% of the country0.5 percent less than the previous year.。Road freight traffic in North China in 2022 is approximately37Billion tons, accounting for the whole country18%Increase over the previous year.5%; rail freight volume of about10Billion tons, accounting for the whole country23%Increase over the previous year.4%; waterway freight volume of about4Billion tons, accounting for the whole country7%Less than the previous year.3%. according to the prediction of champ consulting,2023The volume of road freight in North China is expected to be39Billion tons, an increase over the previous year5.4%; rail freight volume is expected to be10.5Billion tons, an increase over the previous year5%; waterway freight traffic is expected to be4.1Billion tons, an increase over the previous year2.5%。

It can be seen from the above data that the grain transportation in North China mainly depends on roads and railways, and its transportation capacity and efficiency are relatively high, but there are also some problems and challenges. First, the grain transportation structure is unreasonable, and the proportion of road transportation is too high, resulting in high transportation costs, high energy consumption, serious pollution and other problems. Second, the grain transportation facilities are not perfect, the road quality in some areas is poor, the railway capacity is insufficient, and the waterway navigation conditions are poor, which affect the safety and efficiency of grain transportation. Third, the management of grain transportation is not standardized, and there are illegal acts such as overloading, overrunning and speeding in some areas, which increases the risk and loss of grain transportation.

(II) grain storage

Grain storage refers to the process of storing grain in warehouses or other facilities to maintain its quality and quantity. Grain storage is an important part of grain logistics and an important means to ensure national food security and market stability. According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022grain storage in North China in0.54Billion tons, accounting for the whole country16.2%Increase over the previous year.1.1%；2023The grain storage volume in North China is expected to be0.55Billion tons, an increase over the previous year1.8%。

According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022The grain storage capacity of North China in0.65Billion tons, accounting for the whole country16.9%Increase over the previous year.0.9%; of which, the state-owned grain storage capacity is about0.35Billion tons, accounting for the whole country24.6%Increase over the previous year.1.2%; non-state grain storage capacity of about0.3Billion tons, accounting for the whole country12.5%Increase over the previous year.0.6%。2022The number of grain storage enterprises in North China in2000Home, accounting for the whole country15%Increase over the previous year.3%; among them, the number of state-owned grain storage enterprises is about500Home, accounting for the whole country25%Increase over the previous year.4%; the number of non-state-owned grain storage enterprises is about1500Home, accounting for the whole country12%Increase over the previous year.2%. according to the prediction of champ consulting,2023The grain storage capacity in North China is expected to be0.67Billion tons, an increase over the previous year3.1%; Among them, the state-owned grain storage capacity is expected to be0.36Billion tons, an increase over the previous year2.9%; non-state grain storage capacity is expected to be0.31Billion tons, an increase over the previous year3.3%。2023The number of grain storage enterprises in North China is expected to be2100Home, more than the previous year5%; Among them, the number of state-owned grain storage enterprises is expected to be520Home, more than the previous year4%; the number of non-state-owned grain storage enterprises is expected to be1580Home, more than the previous year5.3%。

From the above data, it can be seen that the grain storage capacity and scale in North China are large, the storage structure is mainly state-owned, and the quantity and quality of its storage enterprises are high, but there are also some problems and challenges. First, the grain storage facilities are aging, the warehouse construction time in some areas is long, the equipment and facilities are outdated, and the measures such as moisture, insect and fire prevention are not in place, which affect the quality and safety of grain. Second, the efficiency of grain storage is low, the layout of warehouses in some areas is unreasonable, and the connection with transportation, processing, distribution and other links is not smooth, resulting in the detention and waste of grain. The third is that the grain storage management is not standardized, and there are illegal behaviors such as over-inventory, overdue storage, and false reporting in some areas, which increases the loss and risk of grain.

(III) grain processing

Grain processing refers to the process of cleaning, crushing, screening, grinding, products and other processing of grain. Grain processing is an important part of grain logistics, and it is also an important means to increase the added value of grain and meet consumer demand. According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022The amount of grain processing in North China in0.48Billion tons, accounting for the whole country15.4%Increase over the previous year.1.3%；2023The grain processing volume in North China is expected to be0.49Billion tons, an increase over the previous year2.1%。

The grain processing capacity of North China in 2022 is about0.6Billion tons, accounting for the whole country15.8%Increase over the previous year.1.1%; of which, the wheat processing capacity is about0.35Billion tons, accounting for the whole country24.6%Increase over the previous year.1.4%; corn processing capacity of about0.25Billion tons, accounting for the whole country13.9%Increase over the previous year.0.8%。2022The number of grain processing enterprises in North China in1500Home, accounting for the whole country14%Increase over the previous year.2%; of which, the number of wheat processing enterprises is about800Home, accounting for the whole country25%Increase over the previous year.3%; the number of corn processing enterprises is about700Home, accounting for the whole country11%Increase over the previous year.1%. According to the projections of Champ Consulting,2023The grain processing capacity of North China is expected to be0.62Billion tons, an increase over the previous year3.3%; of which, wheat processing capacity is expected to be0.36Billion tons, an increase over the previous year2.9%; Corn processing capacity is expected to be0.26Billion tons, an increase over the previous year4%。2023The number of grain processing enterprises in North China is expected to be1600Home, more than the previous year6.7%; of which, the number of wheat processing enterprises is expected to be840Home, more than the previous year5%; the number of corn processing enterprises is expected to be760Home, more than the previous year8.6%。

From the above data, it can be seen that the grain processing capacity and scale in North China are relatively large, its processing structure is mainly wheat, and its processing enterprises have high quantity and quality, but there are also some problems and challenges. First, the structure of grain processing products is unreasonable. The grain processing products in some areas are too single, lack of diversified and high value-added products, and it is difficult to meet the individual and diversified needs of consumers. Second, the level of grain processing technology is not high, grain processing equipment in some areas is backward, production efficiency is low, product quality is poor, and brand advantages and market competitiveness cannot be formed. Third, the environmental pollution of grain processing is serious, and a large amount of waste water, waste gas and waste residue are produced in the process of grain processing in some areas, which are not effectively treated and utilized, resulting in waste of resources and environmental damage.

(IV) grain distribution

Food distribution refers to the process of transporting food from a warehouse or processing plant to an end consumer or user.

Grain distribution is an important part of grain logistics, and it is also an important means to improve the efficiency of grain circulation and meet market demand. According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022North China's grain distribution in0.46Billion tons, accounting for the whole country14.7%Increase over the previous year.1.2%；2023The grain distribution in North China is expected to be0.47Billion tons, an increase over the previous year2.2%。

Retail sales in North China in 2022 are approximately18Trillion yuan, accounting for the whole country20.5%Increase over the previous year.6.5%; Among them, the sales of grain and oil commodities are about.1.2Trillion yuan, accounting for the whole country19.4%Increase over the previous year.5.8%。2022The number of grain distribution enterprises in North China in1000Home, accounting for the whole country12%Increase over the previous year.4%; among them, the number of state-owned grain distribution enterprises is about300Home, accounting for the whole country18%Increase over the previous year.5%; the number of non-state-owned grain distribution enterprises is about700Home, accounting for the whole country10%Increase over the previous year.3%. According to the projections of Champ Consulting,2023Retail sales in North China are expected to be19.2trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year6.7%; of which, sales of grain and oil commodities are expected to be1.3trillion yuan, an increase over the previous year8.3%。2023The number of grain distribution enterprises in North China is expected to be1100Home, more than the previous year10%; Among them, the number of state-owned grain distribution enterprises is expected to be320Home, more than the previous year6.7%; the number of non-state-owned grain distribution enterprises is expected to be780Home, more than the previous year11.4%。

From the above data, it can be seen that the demand for grain distribution in North China is large and continues to grow, which is mainly affected by factors such as the development of the retail market, changes in consumer preferences, and the rise of e-commerce. At the same time, the grain distribution capacity and scale in North China are large, its distribution structure is mainly non-state-owned, and its distribution enterprises have a high quantity and quality, but there are also some problems and challenges. First, the level of grain distribution service is not high, and the grain distribution service in some areas is of poor quality, slow speed, high cost and low safety, which is difficult to meet the timeliness and convenience needs of consumers. Second, the grain distribution network is not perfect, and the grain distribution network in some areas is not widely covered, the density is insufficient, and the connection is not smooth, which affects the efficiency and effect of grain distribution. Third, the degree of informatization of grain distribution is not high, the grain distribution information system in some areas is backward, and the ability of data collection, transmission, analysis and application is not strong, so it is difficult to realize the intelligence and traceability of grain distribution.

Analysis of Grain Logistics Park in North China of 3.

Grain logistics park is a comprehensive logistics platform that integrates the functions of grain transportation, storage, processing, distribution and trading. Grain logistics park is not only an important carrier to improve the level and efficiency of grain logistics, but also an important platform to promote the coordinated development of grain industry chain. According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022The number of grain logistics parks in North China in50One, accounting for the whole country16.7%Increase over the previous year.2one;2023The number of grain logistics parks in North China is expected to be55More than the previous year.10%。

According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022The size of the grain logistics park in North China in1000hectares, accounting for the national15.4%Increase over the previous year.5%; among them, the scale of the state-owned grain logistics park is about500hectares, accounting for the national23.8%Increase over the previous year.6%; the scale of non-state-owned grain logistics park is about500hectares, accounting for the national11.9%Increase over the previous year.4%. According to the projections of Champ Consulting,2023The size of the grain logistics park in North China is expected to be1100hectares, an increase over the previous year10%; among them, the size of the state-owned grain logistics park is expected to be540hectares, an increase over the previous year8%; the size of the non-state grain logistics park is expected to be560hectares, an increase over the previous year12%。

From the above data, it can be seen that the number and scale of grain logistics parks in North China are large and continue to grow. The structure of the park is state-owned and non-state-owned, and its park functions and services are more comprehensive, but there are also some problems and challenges. First, the layout of grain logistics parks is unreasonable, and the uneven distribution, repeated construction and waste of resources in some areas are more common, which affects the utilization rate and efficiency of the park. Second, the construction standards of grain logistics parks are not unified. In some areas, the construction quality of grain logistics parks is poor, the facilities and equipment are not complete, and the management system is not perfect, which affects the operation level and service quality of the parks. Third, the innovation ability of grain logistics parks is not strong, and grain logistics parks in some areas lack innovative ideas and innovative models, which are difficult to adapt to market changes and important means of consumer demand. According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2023The innovation investment of grain logistics park in North China is about10Billions of yuan, accounting for the whole country18%Increase over the previous year.8%; grain logistics park innovation output of about20Billions of yuan, accounting for the whole country16%Increase over the previous year.10%。

Development Trend and Suggestions of Grain Logistics in North China in 4.

To sum up, the grain logistics industry in North China has played an important role in ensuring national food security and market stability, improving agricultural efficiency and farmers' income, meeting consumer demand and market changes, but it also faces some problems and challenges. It is necessary to further strengthen reform and innovation to improve the level and efficiency of grain logistics. According to the analysis and forecast of Shangpu Consulting Group, the development trend and suggestions of grain logistics in North China are as follows:

(I) development trend

Food logistics demand will continue to grow, but the growth rate will slow down. With the influence of population growth, economic development, residents' income increase, consumption structure upgrading and other factors in North China, the demand for grain logistics will remain strong and continue to grow. However, due to the large base of grain consumption, the small elasticity of grain consumption and the competition of food substitutes, the growth rate of grain logistics demand will gradually slow down. According to the projections of the Champ Consulting Group,2023-2029The demand for grain logistics in North China will be based on an average annual rate.1.5%The rate of growth,2029Year reached0.74billion tons.

Food logistics supply will continue to optimize, but the gap will still exist. With the promotion of transportation infrastructure construction, grain storage facilities transformation, grain processing technology upgrading, grain distribution network improvement and other factors in North China, grain logistics supply will continue to optimize, improve its ability and efficiency, and reduce its cost and loss. However, due to the influence of factors such as vast territory, uneven distribution of resources and diverse market demand in North China, there will still be a certain gap in the supply of grain logistics, which is difficult to fully meet the demand of grain logistics. According to the projections of the Champ Consulting Group,2023-2029The grain logistics supply in North China will be based on an average annual rate.1.8%The rate of growth,2029Year reached0.72billion tons.

The grain logistics park will develop rapidly, but the competition will be intensified. With the promotion of industrial policy support, market mechanism incentive, social capital participation and other factors in North China, the grain logistics park will develop rapidly, expand its scale and scope, improve its functions and services, and enhance its brand and influence. However, due to the constraints of different industry norms, different quality of the park and poor operation of the park in North China, the grain logistics park will face fierce competition and it is difficult to form differentiation and advantage. According to the projections of the Champ Consulting Group,2023-2029The number of grain logistics parks in North China in8%The rate of growth,2029Year reached80The size of the grain logistics park will be based on an average annual rate.9%The rate of growth,2029Year reached1800Hectares.

Food logistics innovation will accelerate, but the difficulty will increase. With the promotion of scientific and technological progress, information development, personnel training and other factors in North China, grain logistics innovation will accelerate, enhance the innovation of its ideas and models, enhance the innovation of its technology and methods, and expand its field and direction of innovation. However, due to the imperfect institutional environment, input-output mismatch, risk-return imbalance and other factors in North China, grain logistics innovation will face greater difficulties and it is difficult to achieve breakthroughs and lead. According to the projections of the Champ Consulting Group,2023-2029The investment in grain logistics innovation in North China will be based on an average annual rate.10%The rate of growth,2029Year reached20billion yuan; the innovative output of grain logistics will be based on an average annual rate.12%The rate of growth,2029Year reached50Billions of dollars.

(II) recommendations

Optimize the structure of grain transportation and improve the efficiency of grain transportation. According to the characteristics and needs of grain transportation, rationally plan and lay out the grain transportation network, make full use of roads, railways, waterways and other transportation methods, and form a complementary and coordinated transportation system. Strengthen the construction and maintenance of grain transportation facilities, improve road quality, railway capacity, waterway navigation and other conditions to ensure the safety and smooth flow of grain transportation. Standardize the management and supervision of grain transportation, severely crack down on illegal activities such as overloading, overloading, and speeding, and reduce the loss and risks of grain transportation.

Transform and upgrade grain storage facilities to ensure the safety of grain storage. According to the characteristics and needs of grain storage, reasonable planning and layout of grain storage network, make full use of state-owned, non-state-owned and other storage entities to form a diversified and decentralized storage system. We will strengthen the transformation and renewal of grain storage facilities, improve the quality of warehouses, the level of equipment and facilities, and the ability to prevent moisture, insects and fire, so as to ensure the quality and quantity of grain storage. Standardize the management and supervision of grain storage, severely crack down on illegal activities such as over-inventory, overdue storage, and false reporting of storage, and reduce the loss and risk of grain storage.

Diversify grain processing products and increase the added value of grain processing. According to the characteristics and needs of grain processing, rational planning and layout of grain processing network, make full use of wheat, corn and other raw materials, and form a diversified and high value-added product system. Strengthen the research and development and application of grain processing technology, improve the level of processing equipment, production efficiency, product quality and other conditions, and ensure the competitiveness and market power of grain processing. We will standardize the management, supervision and supervision of grain processing, severely crack down on illegal acts such as cutting corners, adulteration and pollution discharge, and reduce the loss and risk of grain processing.

Improve food distribution services to meet food distribution needs. According to the characteristics and needs of grain distribution, reasonable planning and layout of grain distribution network, make full use of state-owned, non-state-owned and other distribution subjects, and form a fast and convenient distribution system. Strengthen the quality and speed of grain distribution services, improve the level of distribution equipment, distribution efficiency, distribution safety and other conditions to ensure the timeliness and convenience of grain distribution. Standardize the management and supervision of grain distribution, severely crack down on illegal activities such as short weight, deterioration and odor, damage and pollution, and reduce the loss and risk of grain distribution.

Standardize the construction of grain logistics parks and improve the benefits of grain logistics parks. According to the characteristics and needs of grain logistics park, reasonable planning and layout of grain logistics park network, make full use of state-owned, non-state-owned and other park main body, form a standardized and professional park system. Strengthen the functions and services of the grain logistics park, improve the level of park facilities, park management, park service level and other conditions, and ensure the operation level and service quality of the park. Standardize the management and supervision of grain logistics parks, severely crack down on illegal construction, illegal operation, illegal charging and other illegal activities, and reduce the loss and risk of the park.

Strengthen the promotion of grain logistics innovation and enhance the ability of grain logistics innovation. According to the characteristics and needs of grain logistics innovation, we should rationally plan and lay out the grain logistics innovation network, make full use of scientific and technological progress, information development, personnel training and other innovative resources, and form a multi-level innovation system such as concept mode innovation, technological method innovation and field direction innovation. Strengthen the input and output of grain logistics innovation, improve the level of innovation funds, the level of innovative talents, the level of innovative achievements and other conditions, and ensure the efficiency and effect of innovation input and output. Standardize the innovative management and supervision of grain logistics, severely crack down on illegal activities such as plagiarism, false propaganda, and infringement disputes, and reduce the loss and risk of innovation.