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Shangpu Consulting: Current Situation and Development Trend of International Freight Forwarding Industry in 2023

2024-07-26 14:10:11 Source: Champ Consulting Visits:0

Characteristics of 1. International Freight Forwarders

International freight forwarding is the international freight forwarding agent, refers to the identity of the agent to accept the owner of the international transport commission, between the owner and the actual carrier, through water, air, land and other transport channels to provide goods import and export transport services, the scope of business includes packing, booking space, transshipment, customs clearance, inspection, for relevant insurance procedures, etc.. International freight forwarders are the glue of cross-border trade, responsible for integrating the resources of all parties to achieve compliance, and their importance is becoming more and more prominent in the increasingly complex environment of the international cargo supply chain. According to data from the Champ Consulting Group, 2022年全球贸易额达到32Trillion dollars, up 10.6 percent year-over-year。其中，商品贸易额占25万亿美元，服务贸易额占7万亿美元。预计2023Global trade will grow by 3.3 percent inReaching 33.Trillions of dollars.

国际货代具有以下三个特征：

Intermediary: International freight forwarders are the intermediary between cargo owners and demand sides, and need to do a good job of coordinating and allocating capacity resources, so they face the risk of excess or shortage of capacity resources and floating freight rates. In recent years, international air and sea freight prices have fluctuated significantly due to the mismatch between capacity supply and demand and the international situation. For example,2020The new crown epidemic in 2010 led to a significant reduction in global flights, a strain on air transport capacity and a significant increase in air transport prices;2021年苏伊士运河堵塞事件导致全球海运秩序混乱，海运价格持续走高。这些因素都会影响国际货代企业的成本和收益。

整合性：国际货代需要整合各方运力，提供一揽子代理服务，满足客户不同的需求和期望。国际货代企业不仅要提供基本的订舱、报关、运输等服务，还要提供仓储、分拨、保险、金融等增值服务，以及跨境电商物流、国际工程物流、特大件特种物流等专业服务。国际货代企业需要根据不同的货物特性、运输方式、目的地等因素制定合适的方案，以充分利用装载空间、降低运输破损风险、提高运输时效和安全性。

Internationalization: International freight forwarders need to withstand international market fluctuations, exchange rate fluctuations and other risk factors, with cyclical characteristics. The demand side of international freight forwarding is closely linked to the rise and fall of the global macro-economy, and any factor that may lead to fluctuations in the international market, policy adjustments or changes in the trade pattern will have a significant impact on it. For example,2008年金融危机和2014年欧债危机都导致全球贸易萎缩，影响国际货代需求；2018年中美贸易摩擦和2020The new crown outbreak also impacted the global supply chain and affected the international freight forwarding business. In addition, exchange rate fluctuations can also have an impact on the revenues and costs of international freight forwarders, especially for shipping operations that are settled in US dollars.

2. Global and China Market Size

Global market size: According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022The global international freight forwarding market reached1.2Trillions of dollars, year-over-year growth14.3%. Among them, shipping is the main business of international freight forwarding, accounting for the size of the market.58%, about6960Billions of dollars; air freight is a secondary business of international freight forwarders, accounting for the size of the market.28%, about3360billion U.S. dollars; land transportation is an auxiliary business for international freight forwarding, accounting for the size of the market.14%, about1680Billions of dollars. Expected2023The size of the global international freight forwarding market will grow throughout the year.5.8%, reach1.27Trillions of dollars. The proportion of sea, air and land transport will be respectively.57%、29%and14%。

China market size: According to data from the Shangpu Consulting Group,2022The scale of China's international freight forwarding market reached1.7Trillion yuan, of which sea transportation accounts for about78%, air transport accounts for about16%，陆运占比约6%. Maritime transport continued to be the main business of international freight forwarders, while air and land transport increased. The maritime business benefited from the growth of our imports and exports with our major trading partners such as ASEAN and the European Union, andRCEP协定的实施。空运业务受益于我国在疫情期间保持了较高的国际航线货邮运输量，以及跨境电商物流的快速发展。陆运业务受益于我国与“一带一路”沿线国家的贸易合作，以及内陆集装箱联运体系的建设。

3. competition pattern

Global competition pattern: the global international freight forwarding industry competition pattern is more scattered, the head of the enterprise market share is low, but with scale effect and brand advantage. According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2022The top five global shipping forwarders were Dexun (DHL）、Kuehne Nail、DSV、DB SchenkerandExpeditors; The top five global air freight forwarders are respectively De Xun (DHL）、Kuehne Nail、DSV、DB SchenkerandUPS。这些头部企业通过并购整合、服务创新、数字化转型等方式提升竞争力。例如，2019YearDSV收购Panalpina，成为全球第四大国际货代企业；2020年德迅（DHL）推出了全球首个人工智能驱动的智能海运平台——myDHLi，提供实时的货物追踪、报价、预订等服务；2021YearKuehne NailwithAlibaba达成合作，为跨境电商客户提供一站式的物流解决方案。

中国竞争格局：中国国际货代行业竞争格局也较为分散，头部企业市占率较低，但具有本土化和政策优势。根据尚普咨询集团的数据显示，2022年中国海运货代前五名分别为中远海运物流、中外运长航、中外运敦豪、中外运空运和中外运集装箱；中国空运货代前五名分别为中外运空运、中外运敦豪、中远海运物流、中外运长航和顺丰速运。这些头部企业通过拓展网络覆盖、提升服务质量、加强政策协调等方式提升竞争力。例如，2020年中远海运物流在全球范围内拥有超过1000个办事处，覆盖200多个国家和地区；2021年中外运空运获得了国家发改委批准的首批跨境电商综合试验区国际货代资质，可以为跨境电商客户提供更加便捷和优惠的服务。

四、发展趋势

高效：国际货代行业将追求更高的效率，通过优化流程、提升技术、降低成本等方式提高服务水平。例如，国际货代企业将利用大数据、云计算、区块链等技术实现信息共享和透明化，提高货物追踪和预警能力；国际货代企业将利用人工智能、机器学习、物联网等技术实现智能化和自动化，提高决策和执行能力；国际货代企业将利用平台化、标准化、模块化等方式实现资源整合和优化，提高服务灵活性和可靠性。

智能：国际货代行业将追求更高的智能，通过创新模式、拓展服务、增加价值等方式提高服务竞争力。例如，国际货代企业将利用在线平台、移动应用、社交媒体等方式实现与客户的实时沟通和互动，提高客户满意度和忠诚度；国际货代企业将利用大数据分析、人工智能推荐、机器学习优化等方式实现对客户需求的精准把握和预测，提高客户体验和黏性；国际货代企业将利用仓储管理、供应链金融、风险管理等方式实现对客户价值的延伸和增强，提高客户收益和信任。

绿色：国际货代行业将追求更高的绿色，通过节能减排、循环利用、社会责任等方式提高服务可持续性。例如，国际货代企业将利用清洁能源、低碳材料、智能设备等方式实现对环境的保护和改善，降低碳足迹和污染物排放；国际货代企业将利用循环物流、共享物流、逆向物流等方式实现对资源的节约和利用，降低浪费和损耗；国际货代企业将利用社会公益、员工福利、合规经营等方式实现对社会的贡献和回馈，提高社会认可和声誉。

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