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Industry frontier! Current Situation and Prospect Analysis of Special Purpose Vehicle Market in 2023

2024-07-18 10:32:22 来源：尚普咨询浏览量：0

专用汽车是指装备有专用设备，具备专用功能，用于承担专门运输任务或专项作业以及其他专项用途的汽车。根据行业标准QC/T836-2010《专用汽车类别及代码》，专用汽车可以按用途分为专用乘用车、专用客车、专用运输汽车、专用作业汽车四类。根据国家标准GB/T 17350-2009《专用汽车和专用挂车术语、代号和编制方法》，可以根据汽车构造不同，进一步将专用运输汽车分为厢式、罐式、专用自卸、仓栏式、起重举升专用、特种结构专用等六种类型，专用作业汽车同理。

中国专用车行业产业链可以分为上中下游，其中上游涉及专用底盘、原材料、关键零部件、集成控制系统等；中游产业链为各大主机厂、制造商等，主要生产厢式、罐式、专用自卸、仓栏式、起重举升专用、特种结构专用等六种类型专用汽车；下游为使用场景，专用车通过汽车经销商、直销等渠道到达使用者，常用场景包括物流运输、医疗救护、畜禽运输、基建、城市养护等。

中国专用车行业发展历程大致可以分为四个阶段，1949-1980年为尝试阶段，彼时新中国刚成立，工业基础较为落后，汽车品种不足以社会需求，因此出现众多改装、拼装汽车，专业车行业由改装起步；1981-1990年是专业车行业的起步阶段，80年代初国内专用汽车厂数量达到100家左右，期间发展有起有落；1991-2000年是专业车行业的引进阶段，通过与国外先进企业合作，基本改变了以往的手工业作坊生产方式，提高了机械化生产水平；2001-2022年是中国专业车行业的快速发展阶段，2003年开发出大批防控“非典”专用车投放市场、2005年还开发出防控“禽流感”专用车，专用汽车呈现出多样性、复杂性和专用性特点，微机控制技术、无线通信技术、数字化视频技术等高新技术的应用，满足了用户多层次需求。

近年来，国务院、工信部、交通运输部等多部门都陆续印发了支持、规范专用车行业的发展政策，内容涉及专用车疫情使用规范、专用车厂建设规范、专用车相关购置税、新能源专用车补贴等内容。

According to data from the Champ Consulting Group,2014-2021年中国专用车的销量整体趋势向上，但增速波动变化。2020年我国专用车零售市场销量为165.1Ten thousand vehicles, year-on-year growth24.98%，主要系2020Year4月之后，国内疫情逐步得到控制，企业复工复产，为拉动经济增长，中央及各地方政府纷纷加大基建投资力度，大量基建项目集中开工，专用车市场需求大幅增长。2021年，中国专用车市场销量148.7万辆，主要系受排放标准切换带来的消费观望、房地产行业遇冷基建放缓、前期政策红利有所减弱等因素影响。2022年，受疫情影响，我国专用车市场需求下降，零售市场销量为120万辆左右，同比下降27.3%。2023年全年，随着疫情防控和经济恢复，我国专用车市场需求有所回升，预计零售市场销量为150万辆左右，同比增长25%。

从销售类型来看，厢式专用车是中国专用车市场的主力产品，2022年占据了53.41%的销量份额；其次是仓栅式专用车，销量份额为22.44%；罐式专用车位居第三，销量份额为10.53%。这三种类型的专用车合计占据了86.38%的市场，是专用车市场的主流产品。反映至用途上来看，厢式专用车、仓栅式专用车主要是用于城市间物流运输，而近年来居民对于生鲜食品的需求刺激了厢式冷藏车的快速增长；罐式专用车主要是用于工程需求，工程车的市场需求与国内固定资产投资相关性较大。

从区域分布来看，江苏省分布最为集中，其次山东、浙江、广东相关企业数量较多，属于我国专用车企业分布最多的四个省市。此外，湖北、河北、河南、福建的专用车相关企业数量较为丰富。整体上看，专用车企业在华东、华中地区聚集性较好。从代表性企业分布情况来看，安徽省的代表性企业分布数量最多，有江淮汽车、汉马科技等专用车企业，还有产业链上游的全柴动力、国轩高科、中鼎股份等企业；其次为广东省，主要有中集车辆等专用车企业，以及产业链上游的比亚迪、亿纬锂能等；山东省有中国重汽、潍柴动力；北京市有福田汽车、三一重工等。

从竞争格局来看，在整体专用车市场，北汽福田销量处于绝对领先地位，市场占有率达到16.67%，其次为江淮汽车，市场占有率为9.63%，第三位为中国重汽，市场占有率为8.59%。在细分市场中，北汽福田在厢式专用车、仓栅式专用车、罐式专用车、专用自卸车等市场均处于领先地位，江淮汽车在厢式专用车、仓栅式专用车、起重举升专用车等市场表现突出，中国重汽在仓栅式专用车、罐式专用车、起重举升专用车等市场占有较大份额。其他竞争者包括东风汽车、陕西汽车、上汽集团、中集车辆等。

从发展趋势来看，中国专用车行业未来将面临以下机遇和挑战：

机遇方面，一是国家政策支持力度不断加大，特别是新能源专用车的补贴政策和推广政策，将有利于促进新能源专用车的发展；二是国内经济结构调整和转型升级的需要，将带动基建投资的增长，从而拉动工程类专用车的需求；三是城市化进程的加快和城镇化水平的提高，将增加城市养护类专用车的需求；四是居民消费水平的提高和消费结构的优化，将刺激物流运输类和医疗救护类专用车的需求。

挑战方面，一是环保法规和排放标准的不断提高，将对专用车企业提出更高的技术要求和成本压力；二是行业竞争日趋激烈和市场集中度不断提高，将导致部分中小型企业面临生存困境；三是行业标准和监管制度的不完善，将影响行业的规范化和健康发展。

尚普咨询认为，中国专用车行业未来将呈现以下发展特点：

一是产品结构将向高端化、智能化、绿色化方向发展，满足用户对于性能、安全、节能、环保等方面的更高要求；

二是产业链将向集成化、协同化、平台化方向发展，实现上下游资源的优化配置和有效整合；

三是市场格局将向多元化、差异化、细分化方向发展，形成各具特色和优势的竞争者群体；

四是创新模式将向开放化、合作化、共赢化方向发展，激发行业内外各方的创新活力和创新潜力。

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