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2024-07-30 23:26:57 Source: Champ Consulting Visits:0
Business investment is a complex and important decision involving many factors and interests. Before making a business investment, investors need to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth investigation and analysis of the target enterprise to ensure the safety and profitability of the investment. This process is to tune.
尽调(Due Diligence)一词源自美国证券法,最初指证券发行人或经纪人在发行或销售证券之前,对证券的真实性、合法性和有效性进行必要的调查和核实。后来,尽调的概念逐渐扩展到各种商业交易中,特别是并购、股权投资、债务融资等领域,成为商业投资中不可或缺的一个环节。
Purpose of due diligence
尽调的主要目的是帮助投资者了解目标企业的真实情况,评估其价值和潜力,发现并规避可能存在的风险和陷阱。通过尽调,投资者可以:
Verify the legality, compliance and effectiveness of the target enterprise, and eliminate possible legal disputes, administrative penalties, intellectual property infringement and other issues;
了解目标企业的财务状况、经营状况、市场状况、竞争状况、技术状况、人力资源状况等方面的信息,判断其盈利能力、成长性、稳定性和竞争优势;
评估目标企业的价值和未来收益预期,确定合理的投资价格和回报率;
发现目标企业可能存在的潜在风险和隐患,如财务造假、经营异常、市场变化、技术落后、人才流失等问题,并制定相应的风险规避措施或退出机制;
优化投资方案和交易结构,制定合适的交易条款和协议,保护自身利益和权益。
Content of due diligence
尽调的内容根据不同的投资类型和目标企业特点而有所差异,但通常包括以下几个方面:
法律尽调:主要是对目标企业的法律地位、法律文件、法律关系、法律责任等进行审查,包括公司章程、股东名册、股权结构、股东协议、重大合同、诉讼仲裁、知识产权、许可证、税务等方面的内容;
Financial due diligence: mainly the analysis of the target enterprise's financial statements, financial indicators, financial policies, financial management, etc., including balance sheet, profit statement, cash flow statement, audit report, accounting standards, internal control, cost structure, capital structure, asset evaluation and other aspects;
经营尽调:主要是对目标企业的经营战略、经营模式、经营效率、经营风险等进行评估,包括市场定位、产品服务、客户关系、供应链管理、营销渠道、竞争对手、行业趋势等方面的内容;
技术尽调:主要是对目标企业的技术能力、技术创新、技术保护等进行检验,包括核心技术、专利申请、研发投入、研发团队、技术合作等方面的内容;
人力资源尽调:主要是对目标企业的人力资源规模、结构、素质、激励等进行考察,包括员工数量、员工分布、员工能力、员工福利、员工流动率、员工培训等方面的内容。
Methods of due diligence
There are mainly the following methods:
Document review: access to relevant information and data, such as legal documents, financial statements, business reports, etc., by consulting various documents and materials provided by the target enterprise;
On-the-spot investigation: that is, by visiting the office and production sites of the target enterprise in person, to observe its actual situation and operation status, such as equipment and facilities, production process, management system, etc;
Interviews and exchanges: through communication and exchanges with the management and key personnel of the target enterprise, to understand their views and ideas, such as strategic planning, development goals, risk identification, etc;
Third-party consulting: that is, by hiring professional third-party institutions or individuals to provide professional opinions and suggestions in related fields, such as legal advisers, financial advisers, industry experts, etc.
Process of due diligence
The process of due diligence generally includes the following steps:
Sign a confidentiality agreement: before the formal start of due diligence, both parties need to sign a confidentiality agreement, stipulating the scope and duration of confidentiality of the information and data involved in the due diligence process, as well as the liability and compensation for breach of confidentiality obligations;
Develop a due diligence plan: investors need to develop a detailed and reasonable due diligence plan based on their own investment objectives and strategies, as well as the characteristics and circumstances of the target enterprise, specifying the scope and depth of due diligence, assigning due diligence tasks and responsibilities, and determining due diligence schedules and budgets;
Collect and analyze information: investors need to collect information and data on the relevant aspects of the target enterprise through various methods in accordance with the due diligence plan, and conduct systematic and in-depth analysis to assess its value and potential, and identify and avoid possible risks and pitfalls;
Preparation and submission of due diligence reports: investors need to prepare a due diligence report that comprehensively and objectively reflects the true situation of the target enterprise based on the information and data collected and analyzed, and submit it to the counterparty or decision-making level;
Adjusting investment decisions based on due diligence results: investors need to make necessary adjustments and optimizations to their own investment decisions based on the contents and conclusions of the due diligence report, such as modifying investment prices, increasing or decreasing investment ratios, adding or deleting trading conditions, etc;
Complete the transaction and follow-up: After completing the transaction, the investor needs to conduct continuous supervision and management of the target enterprise to ensure that the investment is implemented and executed to achieve the expected benefits and objectives.
Case study of due diligence
In order to better illustrate the importance and practicality of due diligence, the following is an analysis of some common problems and coping strategies that may be encountered in the process of due diligence, taking into account the specific cases of clients of Shangpu Consulting Services.
案例一:某食品公司并购某乳制品公司
A food company (hereinafter referred to as A company) is a professional engaged in food production and sales of enterprises, with a number of well-known brands and products. In order to expand its market share and product line, Company A decided to acquire a company that mainly produces dairy products (hereinafter referred to as Company B). Company A entrusts Champ Consulting to provide M & A due diligence services.
In conducting legal due diligence, Champ Consulting found that Company B had the following problems:
Company B has been complained by consumers because of product quality problems and has been punished by relevant departments;
There are unfulfilled or incomplete contractual obligations between Company B and some suppliers and customers, which may lead to the risk of breach of contract or claim;
Part of the intellectual property rights of Company B are unknown or not registered in time, which may lead to the risk of loss or infringement of rights.
In response to these issues, Champ Consulting recommends that Company A take the following measures:
Require Company B to provide relevant quality inspection reports, consumer feedback, administrative penalties and other documents to assess the impact of its product quality issues on the M & A transaction;
要求B公司与相关供应商和客户协商解决未履行或未完全履行的合同义务,或者提供相应的担保或补偿措施;
要求B公司尽快澄清或完善其知识产权的权属和登记情况,或者提供相应的许可或转让协议。
During the financial due diligence process, Champ Consulting found that Company B had the following problems:
Company B's financial statements in recent years show a downward trend in its operating income and net profit, which is lower than the industry average;
Company B has high inventory and accounts receivable, resulting in a low capital turnover rate, and some inventory and accounts receivable are at risk of sluggishness or bad debts;
Company B has a high debt burden, and the debt structure is unreasonable, resulting in its weak solvency, and some of the debt is overdue or default risk.
In response to these issues, Champ Consulting recommends that Company A take the following measures:
要求B公司提供近几年的经营报告、市场分析、竞争策略等文件,分析其营收和利润下降的原因和改善的可能性;
Require Company B to provide a schedule of inventory and accounts receivable, aging analysis, bad debt provision and other documents to assess the true value and recovery of its inventory and accounts receivable;
要求B公司提供债务的明细表、债权人信息、还款计划、担保情况等文件,评估其债务的合理性和风险性。
在进行经营尽调时,尚普咨询发现B公司存在以下问题:
B公司的市场定位不明确,产品种类繁多但缺乏特色和优势,导致其市场占有率和品牌知名度较低;
B公司的客户结构不合理,过于依赖少数几个大客户,导致其客户关系不稳定,且易受市场波动的影响;
B公司的供应链管理不规范,采购渠道单一,库存管理混乱,物流配送效率低下,导致其成本高昂,且易受供应中断的影响。
In response to these issues, Champ Consulting recommends that Company A take the following measures:
要求B公司提供其市场定位、产品策略、品牌策略等文件,分析其市场竞争力和发展潜力;
要求B公司提供其客户名单、客户分布、客户满意度等文件,分析其客户稳定性和忠诚度;
要求B公司提供其供应商名单、采购合同、库存清单、物流合同等文件,分析其供应链效率和风险。
在进行技术尽调时,尚普咨询发现B公司存在以下问题:
B公司的技术水平较低,产品质量和安全性不高,且难以满足消费者日益增长的需求和偏好;
B公司的技术创新能力较弱,产品更新换代缓慢,且缺乏核心技术和专利保护,导致其技术竞争力不强;
B公司的研发投入较少,研发团队规模较小,研发管理制度不完善,导致其研发效果不理想。
In response to these issues, Champ Consulting recommends that Company A take the following measures:
要求B公司提供其技术标准、质量检测、安全认证等文件,评估其产品质量和安全性;
要求B公司提供其技术创新计划、产品开发进度、专利申请情况等文件,评估其技术创新能力和技术保护情况;
要求B公司提供其研发投入预算、研发团队名单、研发管理制度等文件,评估其研发投入效率和研发团队素质。
在进行人力资源尽调时,尚普咨询发现B公司存在以下问题:
B公司的人力资源规模较小,人员结构不合理,缺乏高层管理人员和核心技术人员,导致其管理能力和技术能力不足;
B公司的人力资源素质较低,人员能力和业绩参差不齐,且缺乏有效的培训和考核机制,导致其人员水平难以提升;
B公司的人力资源激励较差,人员福利和待遇较低,且缺乏有效的激励和保留机制,导致其人员流动率较高,且难以吸引和留住优秀人才。
In response to these issues, Champ Consulting recommends that Company A take the following measures:
要求B公司提供其人力资源规模、结构、分布等文件,评估其人力资源配置和匹配情况;
要求B公司提供其人力资源素质、能力、业绩等文件,评估其人力资源水平和贡献情况;
要求B公司提供其人力资源激励、福利、待遇等文件,评估其人力资源稳定性和忠诚度。
通过以上的尽调工作,尚普咨询为A公司提供了一份详尽而专业的尽调报告,帮助A公司全面而深入地了解了B公司的真实情况,发现并规避了可能存在的风险和陷阱,为A公司制定合理而有效的并购方案和交易结构提供了有力的支持和指导。
案例二:某互联网公司股权投资某教育科技公司
某互联网公司(以下简称C公司)是一家专业从事互联网服务和产品的企业,拥有多个知名的平台和应用。为了拓展新的业务领域和增加收入来源,C公司决定对一家主要从事教育科技服务的企业(以下简称D公司)进行股权投资。C公司委托尚普咨询为其提供股权投资尽调服务。
在进行法律尽调时,尚普咨询发现D公司存在以下问题:
D公司的股权结构较复杂,存在多层股东关系和多重股权转让记录,导致其股权清晰度不高,且有部分股权存在纠纷或争议;
D公司的法律文件不完备,部分重要文件缺失或不规范,如股东协议、董事会决议、工商登记等文件;
D公司的法律关系不明确,部分重要合同未签订或未履行,如与合作伙伴、供应商、客户等签订的合同。
针对这些问题,尚普咨询建议C公司采取以下措施:
要求D公司提供其股权结构图、股权转让记录、股权纠纷或争议情况等文件,评估其股权真实性和合法性;
要求D公司补齐或完善其法律文件,并提供相关证明或说明,如股东协议、董事会决议、工商登记等文件;
要求D公司澄清或规范其法律关系,并提供相关证明或说明,如与合作伙伴、供应商、客户等签订或履行的合同。
在进行财务尽调时,尚普咨询发现D公司存在以下问题:
D公司近几年的财务报表显示其营业收入和净利润呈现上升趋势,但与行业平均水平相比较低;
D公司存在较高的研发投入和营销费用,导致其毛利率和净利率较低,且有部分研发投入和营销费用存在无效或浪费的情况;
D公司存在较高的应付账款和预收款项,导致其现金流量不稳定,且有部分应付账款和预收款项存在逾期或退款的风险。
针对这些问题,尚普咨询建议C公司采取以下措施:
要求D公司提供近几年的经营报告、市场分析、竞争策略等文件,分析其营收和利润增长的原因和可持续性;
要求D公司提供其研发投入预算、研发成果、营销计划、营销效果等文件,评估其研发投入和营销费用的合理性和效率;
要求D公司提供其应付账款和预收款项的明细表、账龄分析、坏账准备等文件,评估其应付账款和预收款项的真实性和回收情况。
在进行经营尽调时,尚普咨询发现D公司存在以下问题:
D公司的市场定位不清晰,产品服务不突出,难以形成差异化和优势化,导致其市场占有率和品牌知名度较低;
D公司的客户结构不平衡,过于集中在个人用户和低端用户,导致其客户价值和收入稳定性较低;
D公司的经营模式不成熟,产品服务质量和效果不一致,且缺乏有效的质量控制和用户反馈机制,导致其用户满意度和忠诚度较低。
针对这些问题,尚普咨询建议C公司采取以下措施:
要求D公司提供其市场定位、产品策略、品牌策略等文件,分析其市场竞争力和发展潜力;
要求D公司提供其客户名单、客户分布、客户价值等文件,分析其客户稳定性和忠诚度;
要求D公司提供其经营模式、产品服务质量、用户反馈等文件,分析其经营效果和用户满意度。
在进行技术尽调时,尚普咨询发现D公司存在以下问题:
D公司的技术水平较高,产品服务质量和效果较好,且能够满足消费者日益增长的需求和偏好;
D公司的技术创新能力较强,产品更新换代快速,且拥有多项核心技术和专利保护,导致其技术竞争力较强;
D公司的研发投入较多,研发团队规模较大,研发管理制度完善,导致其研发效果较好。
针对这些问题,尚普咨询认为D公司在技术方面没有明显的问题或风险,反而是其最大的优势和亮点。因此,尚普咨询建议C公司采取以下措施:
肯定并支持D公司在技术方面的优势和成就,并提出合理的建议或意见,如如何保持技术领先、如何提高技术转化率等;
与D公司建立良好的技术合作关系,并寻求技术交流和共享的机会,如共同开发新产品、共享专利资源等;
尊重并保护D公司的技术自主权和知识产权,并避免技术泄露或侵犯的风险。
在进行人力资源尽调时,尚普咨询发现D公司存在以下问题:
D公司的人力资源规模较大,人员结构合理,拥有高层管理人员和核心技术人员,导致其管理能力和技术能力较强;
D公司的人力资源素质较高,人员能力和业绩一致,且有有效的培训和考核机制,导致其人员水平不断提升;
D公司的人力资源激励较好,人员福利和待遇较高,且有有效的激励和保留机制,导致其人员流动率较低,且能够吸引和留住优秀人才。
针对这些问题,尚普咨询认为D公司在人力资源方面没有明显的问题或风险,反而是其重要的资本和资源。因此,尚普咨询建议C公司采取以下措施:
肯定并支持D公司在人力资源方面的优势和成就,并提出合理的建议或意见,如如何提高人员效率、如何培养人才梯队等;
与D公司建立良好的人力资源合作关系,并寻求人才交流和培养的机会,如共同举办培训活动、共享人才库等;
尊重并保护D公司的人力资源自主权和权益,并避免人才流失或挖角的风险。
通过以上的尽调工作,尚普咨询为C公司提供了一份详尽而专业的尽调报告,帮助C公司全面而深入地了解了D公司的真实情况,发现并规避了可能存在的风险和陷阱,为C公司制定合理而有效的股权投资方案和交易结构提供了有力的支持和指导。
Summary
尽调是商业投资中不可或缺的一个环节,它可以帮助投资者了解目标企业的真实情况,评估其价值和潜力,发现并规避可能存在的风险和陷阱。尽调需要从多个方面进行系统而深入地调查和分析,包括法律、财务、经营、技术、人力资源等方面。尽调需要采用多种方法进行有效而专业地收集和处理信息,包括文件审查、实地考察、访谈交流、第三方咨询等方法。尽调需要遵循一定的流程进行规范而有序地组织和实施,包括签署保密协议、制定尽调计划、收集并分析信息、编制并提交尽调报告、根据尽调结果调整投资决策、完成交易并进行后续跟踪等步骤。尽调需要结合具体案例进行实践而有趣地学习和应用,包括分析案例背景、发现案例问题、提出案例措施等环节。
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July 07, 2020, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer's "Lithium Battery Enterprise Sales Strategy and Production Cost Research Project. The customer said: The market research project provided by Shangpu Consulting for our company has provided us with a valuable reference basis for objectively evaluating the current market situation of the industry and achieved the expected goal. I also wish Champ Consulting the development of by going up one storey! Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "Coal Mine Tunnel Drilling Rig Market Share Proof Project. The customer said: The survey plan of Shangpu Consulting is rigorous in design, scientific in method, standardized and rigorous in survey organization process, and basically reliable survey data, which provides relatively credible first-hand information for our research work. The research results are of great help to our company to understand the whole picture of the industry. Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from a customer for "A Brand in an Industry Leading Sales Research Project for Three Consecutive Years. The customer said: The survey plan of Shangpu Consulting is rigorous in design, scientific in method, standardized and rigorous in survey organization process, and basically reliable survey data, which provides relatively credible first-hand information for our research work. The research results are of great help to our company to understand the whole picture of the industry. Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "China Bird's Nest Industry Market Ranking Research Project. The customer said: has cooperated many times, as always satisfied, also recommend to other enterprises cooperation. Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 09, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for a hazardous waste treatment research project. The customer said: this is the organizational structure of the survey, the service process is very good, wish your company's consulting work is getting better and better, look forward to the next cooperation. I wish users a prosperous career, evergreen foundation!
On July 16, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the Shared Beauty Research Project. The customer said: The content of Phase I and Phase II is satisfactory, and we look forward to signing a long-term agreement in the later period. The research part of the country will continue to cooperate with your company. I wish users a prosperous career, evergreen foundation!
On July 09, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "Research Project on the Organizational Structure of Two Liquor Production Enterprises. The customer said: This is an organizational structure survey, the service process is very good, looking forward to the next cooperation. I wish users a prosperous career, evergreen foundation!
Research Module | research content | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Market research | Industry status | market capacity | Product Application | channel mode | Supply chain | market competition | Market Consulting |
Competitor Research | Enterprise background | Enterprise Finance | Sales Data | Market Strategy | Production Equipment | Supply Procurement | Technology R & D |
warehousing logistics | channel construction | Human Resources | Enterprise Strategy | ||||
User Research | Consumer Survey | consumption behavior attitude | Publicity/Promotion | Product Service | Brand Research | consumer characteristics | |
satisfaction survey | Employee satisfaction | user satisfaction | |||||
Market Entry Advisory | Macro Industry Research | competitive enterprise research | Downstream User Research | Channel Research | Due Diligence | Return on Investment | |
Floor module | Landing implementation recommendations | Long-term cooperation | |||||
Business investment due diligence | Target industry market investment value due diligence | Industry Benchmarking Enterprise Research | Target Enterprise Credit Assessment Report | Project investment due diligence | |||
industry planning | Market research | market access | development strategy | investment location | Acquisition and integration | IPO Fundraising | |
Credit Report | Basic information | Major Events | Production/Operation Network | enterprise scale | Operating strength | Financial strength | Legal risk |
Future business prediction | Overall credit rating | cooperative risk warning | |||||
Brand/Sales Proof | Market Share Proof | Market Share Proof | Proof of brand strength | Industry Proof | Specialized new proof | Proof of sales strength | Proof of technological leadership |
National/Global Status Certificate |
15 Year
Champ Consulting has been established for 15 years.
48 Intellectual Property Rights
Independent methodology
80% of the information comes from first-hand research.
118 Billionth
Self-built database 11.8 billion
Covering 1978 industries in China
0.1 billion new data per year
Industry Big Data Platform
118 +
Have a 300 team of professional consultants
Practical operation and management experience of top enterprises
88% of members have international PMP certificates
48 Item
Independent methodology
48 independent intellectual property rights
high-tech enterprise
Industry Big Data Platform
400-969-2866