Enterprise credit report is a kind of comprehensive evaluation of enterprise credit status products provided by consulting companies for customers. It contains the basic information of enterprises, credit information, financial information, business information, legal information and other aspects of the content, can provide an important reference for the customer's investment decision-making, partner selection, risk control and so on. From the three aspects of the structure, content and evaluation method of the report, this paper introduces how to read the enterprise credit report provided by the consulting company, and makes a simple analysis with the specific case of the customer of Shangpu consulting service.

Structure of the 1. report

The corporate credit report provided by the consulting firm usually consists of the following parts:

Cover page: contains basic information such as the title, preparation date, querier name, and queried person name of the report.

Table of Contents: lists the sections and page numbers of the report, making it easy for searchers to quickly locate content of interest.

The purpose, scope, methods and data sources of the report are briefly introduced, as well as the main terms and definitions used in the report.

Basic information of the enterprise: it shows the registration information, shareholder information, organizational structure, key personnel and other basic information of the enterprise, reflecting the legal status and organizational form of the enterprise.

Enterprise credit information: shows the loan situation, guarantee situation, bad record and other credit information of the inquired enterprise in various financial institutions, reflecting the loan ability and repayment willingness of the enterprise.

Enterprise Financial Information: Shows the financial statements (including balance sheet, profit statement and cash flow statement) of the enterprise being queried in recent years, as well as related financial ratios and indicators, reflecting the financial position and operating results of the enterprise.

Business information: shows the general situation of the industry, market share, competitive advantage, main customers and suppliers and other business information of the queried enterprise, reflecting the market position and development prospects of the enterprise.

Corporate legal information: Shows the various types of legal litigation, arbitration, administrative penalties and other legal information involved in the queried company, reflecting the legal risks and social responsibilities of the company.

Appendix: Contains additional information such as data sources, literature, tables and charts cited or referenced in the report.

Contents of the 2. report

Each part of the enterprise credit report provided by the consulting company contains a large amount of data and information, which needs to be read and analyzed according to their own needs and concerns. Here are some common reading methods and considerations:

Basic enterprise information: This section can help the inquirer to initially understand the background and size of the enterprise being queried, as well as other subjects associated with it. Inquirers can focus on the following areas:

Registration information: including registered name, registration number, registered address, registered capital, date of establishment, etc., can determine whether the enterprise legally exists, and whether there is a change record.

Shareholder information: including the name of the shareholder, the type of shareholder, the amount of capital contribution, the proportion of capital contribution, etc., can determine the ownership structure of the enterprise, and whether there are potential related party transactions.

Organizational structure: including branches, subsidiaries, holding companies, etc. of the enterprise, which can determine the business scope of the enterprise and whether there is cross-regional or cross-industry business.

Key personnel: including legal representatives, members of the board of directors, members of the board of supervisors, senior managers, etc., can judge the quality of the management of the enterprise, and whether there are important personnel changes.

Corporate Credit Information: This section helps the inquirer to assess the creditworthiness and credit risk of the inquiring business, as well as its creditworthiness in the financial markets. Inquirers can focus on the following areas:

Loan status: including the loan institution, loan amount, loan term, loan interest rate, loan balance, repayment status, etc., can determine the size of the enterprise's loan, and whether there is overdue or default.

Guarantee situation: including the guarantee method, guarantee object, guarantee amount, guarantee period, etc., can determine whether the enterprise provides guarantee for others, and whether there is a risk of joint and several liability.

Bad records: including tax arrears records, arrears records, dishonesty records, execution records, etc., can determine whether the enterprise has not fulfilled its legal obligations or contractual agreements, and whether it has been punished by law or social condemnation.

Enterprise Financial Information: This section can help the inquirer analyze the financial position and operating results of the enterprise being queried, as well as its profitability and solvency. Inquirers can focus on the following areas:

Financial statements: including balance sheets, profit statements and cash flow statements, which reflect the asset structure, revenue structure, cost structure and cash flow of an enterprise, as well as its financial position at different points in time.

Financial ratios: including current ratio, quick ratio, asset-liability ratio, profit margin, return on net assets, etc., can reflect the solvency, profitability and return on investment of enterprises, as well as their differences with the industry average.

Financial indicators: including operating income, net profit, total assets, net assets, etc., can reflect the size and growth of the enterprise, as well as its competitiveness with the same industry or region.

Business information: This part can help the inquirer understand the industry environment and market conditions of the inquired enterprise, as well as its position and prospects in the market. Inquirers can focus on the following areas:

Industry overview: including industry definition, industry scale, industry structure, industry characteristics, etc., can judge the development stage and development trend of the industry to which the enterprise belongs, as well as the opportunities and challenges it faces.

Market share: including market capacity, market demand, market competition, etc., can determine the company's share and influence in the market, as well as its advantages and disadvantages with major competitors.

Competitive advantage: including product advantage, technology advantage, brand advantage, channel advantage, etc., can judge the core competitiveness of enterprises in the market, and whether it can continue to create value.

Major customers and suppliers: including customer name, customer type, customer region, supplier name, supplier type, supplier region, etc., can determine the upstream and downstream relationship of an enterprise and whether it has stable partners.

Corporate Legal Information: This section can help searchers identify the legal risks and social responsibilities of the queried company, as well as its compliance with legal norms and business ethics. Inquirers can focus on the following areas:

Legal proceedings: including the type of litigation, the cause of litigation, the amount of litigation, the outcome of the litigation, etc., can determine whether the enterprise is involved in major civil or criminal disputes, as well as its impact and consequences on the enterprise.

Arbitration: including the type of arbitration, the reason for the arbitration, the amount of the arbitration, the outcome of the arbitration, etc., to determine whether the enterprise is involved in a major commercial or contractual dispute, as well as its impact and consequences on the enterprise.

Administrative punishment: including the punishment authority, the reason for the punishment, the amount of the punishment, the date of the punishment, etc., can determine whether the enterprise has violated the relevant laws and regulations or administrative rules, as well as its impact and consequences on the enterprise.

Social responsibility: including social welfare, environmental protection, employee welfare, etc., can judge whether the enterprise has fulfilled its responsibilities and obligations as a member of society, as well as its contribution and impact on society.

Evaluation of 3. reports

The corporate credit report provided by the consulting firm usually provides a comprehensive credit evaluation of the enterprise being queried, giving a credit rating or credit score, and a credit opinion or credit recommendation. These evaluations are a quantitative or qualitative analysis based on the data and information in the report, as well as the consulting firm's own credit models and credit standards. When reading the report, the inquirer should pay attention to the following aspects:

Evaluation methods: Different consulting firms may use different evaluation methods, such as financial ratio-based methods, cash flow-based methods, market information-based methods, etc. Inquirers need to understand the principles and scope of application of the evaluation methods used by consulting firms, as well as their possible advantages, disadvantages and limitations.

Evaluation criteria: Different consulting firms may use different evaluation criteria, such as criteria based on industry averages, criteria based on historical data, criteria based on forecast data, etc. The inquirer needs to understand the basis and reasonableness of the evaluation criteria used by the consulting firm, as well as their possible deviations and errors.

Evaluation results: different consulting firms may give different evaluation results, such as results based on letter grades (e. g.AAA、AA、Aetc), results based on numerical scores (e. g.100system,10score, etc.), results based on textual descriptions (e. g., excellent, good, fair, etc.). The inquirer needs to understand the meaning and interpretation of the evaluation results given by the consulting firm, as well as its possible changes and risks.

4. case analysis

In order to better explain how to read the enterprise credit report provided by the consulting company, this paper makes a simple analysis based on the specific case of the customer of the consulting service of Shangpu. The following is a summary of two cases:

Case 1: An investment company wants to invest in a manufacturing enterprise and entrusts Shangpu Consulting to provide it with a credit report of the enterprise. Based on the basic information, credit information, financial information, business information and legal information of the enterprise, Shangpu Consulting conducted a comprehensive evaluation of it and gave the following results:

Credit rating:A

Credit score:85Points

Credit opinion: The company has a high credit level, good financial status, stable operating conditions, strong market position, low legal risk, it is recommended to invest.

Case 2: A trading company wants to cooperate with a service enterprise and entrusts Shangpu Consulting to provide it with the credit report of the enterprise. Based on the basic information, credit information, financial information, business information and legal information of the enterprise, Shangpu Consulting conducted a comprehensive evaluation of it and gave the following results:

Credit rating:C

Credit score:65Points

Credit opinion: The enterprise has a general credit level, general financial situation, fluctuating operating conditions, general market position, high legal risk, it is recommended to cooperate carefully.

By comparing these two cases, it can be seen that the enterprise credit report provided by the consulting company can provide an important reference for the customer's investment or cooperation decision-making, but it also requires the customer to make comprehensive judgment and analysis according to their actual situation and needs.

Summary:

From the three aspects of the structure, content and evaluation method of the report, this paper introduces how to read the enterprise credit report provided by the consulting company, and makes a simple analysis with the specific case of the customer of Shangpu consulting service.