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2024-07-18 01:54:58 Source: Champu Consulting Visits:0
市场调研是一种系统地收集、记录、分析和解释与市场相关的信息的过程,包括市场的规模、结构、趋势、需求、偏好、竞争、机会等方面。市场调研的目的是为了帮助企业或组织了解市场的现状和未来的发展,从而制定合适的市场策略,提高市场绩效,增强竞争优势,满足客户的需求和期望。
市场调研的重要性不言而喻,但是市场调研的方法和技术却不尽相同。很多人认为市场调研就是发问卷,但这其实是一种误解。问卷调查只是市场调研的一种工具,而且有其局限性和缺陷。问卷调查是一种通过设计和分发一系列的问题,来收集目标群体的意见、态度、行为和特征的方法。问卷调查的优点是可以收集大量的数据,方便进行统计分析,比较客观和标准化,成本较低,适合于验证假设或测试假设。但是,问卷调查也有其缺点,例如:
The design and preparation of the questionnaire requires professional skills and experience, otherwise it may lead to ambiguity, bias, guidance or ineffectiveness of the question.
问卷的分发和回收需要考虑目标群体的可达性和响应率,否则可能导致样本的偏差或不足。
问卷的数据需要进行清洗和处理,排除无效或异常的数据,否则可能影响数据的质量和可信度。
问卷的数据只能反映目标群体的表面现象,不能深入了解目标群体的动机、感受、想法和理由,也不能捕捉目标群体的非言语信息,如表情、语气、肢体语言等。
因此,市场调研不只是发问卷,还需要使用其他的方法和技术,来补充和弥补问卷调查的不足。市场调研的方法和技术可以分为两大类:定性研究和定量研究。
Qualitative research is a method of collecting and analyzing in-depth information about a target group in an unstructured or semi-structured manner. The advantages of qualitative research are that it can explore the motivations, feelings, thoughts and reasons of the target group, capture the non-verbal information of the target group, discover new problems or opportunities, and generate new hypotheses or theories. However, qualitative research also has its drawbacks, such:
定性研究的数据收集和分析需要花费较多的时间和精力,成本较高,难以进行规模化和标准化。
The data of qualitative research comes from a small number of samples, which is difficult to promote and generalize, and the representativeness and comparability are low.
定性研究的数据受到研究者的主观影响,难以进行量化和客观化,可靠性和有效性较低。
定性研究的常用方法和技术有:
深度访谈:一种通过面对面或电话等方式,与目标群体进行一对一的对话,来收集其详细的信息的方法。
焦点小组:一种通过邀请6-12名目标群体的代表,与一名研究者进行有主题的讨论,来收集其共同的信息的方法。
观察法:一种通过直接或间接地观察目标群体的行为、环境、互动等,来收集其隐含的信息的方法。
实验法:一种通过设计和实施一种人为的情境,来操纵和观察目标群体的反应,来收集其实验的信息的方法。
Quantitative research is a method of collecting and analyzing quantitative information about a target group in a structured or standardized manner. The advantage of quantitative research is that it can measure the size, distribution, degree, relationship, etc. of the target group, can carry out statistical analysis and inference, can verify assumptions or theories, and can provide objective and credible evidence. However, quantitative research also has its drawbacks, such:
定量研究的数据收集和分析需要依赖于已有的理论或模型,难以适应新的问题或机会。
The data of quantitative research ignore the personality and diversity of the target group, and it is difficult to reflect its complex and dynamic characteristics.
定量研究的数据受到测量工具的限制,难以捕捉其细微和隐蔽的信息。
定量研究的常用方法和技术有:
Questionnaire: A method of collecting the opinions, attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics of a target group through the design and distribution of a series of questions.
实验法:一种通过设计和实施一种人为的情境,来操纵和观察目标群体的反应,来收集其实验的信息的方法。
数字分析:一种通过收集和分析目标群体的数字化的数据,如网站访问量、点击率、转化率等,来评估其行为和效果的方法。
Scenario analysis: A method of predicting and evaluating target group responses and outcomes by constructing and simulating different scenarios, such as market changes, competitive strategies, policy impacts, etc.
The methods and techniques of market research are not isolated, but complement and combine with each other. In general, the relationship between qualitative and quantitative research can be divided into the following:
Qualitative first, quantitative follow-up: This approach is to explore market problems or opportunities through qualitative research, and then to verify or test the assumptions or theories of qualitative research through quantitative research. This approach is suitable for new areas of the market or new problems, the need for discovery and innovation.
定量先行,定性跟进:这种方式是先通过定量研究来测量市场的现状或趋势,然后通过定性研究来解释或深入定量研究的数据或结果。这种方式适合于市场的成熟或稳定的情况,需要解释和优化的情况。
Qualitative and quantitative parallel: This approach is to conduct qualitative and quantitative research at the same time, and then compare and integrate the data or results of the two to obtain more comprehensive and accurate market information. This approach is suitable for complex or dynamic situations in the market, where balance and coordination are required.
The selection and combination of market research methods and techniques need to be determined according to the purpose, object, scope, resources, time and other factors of market research. No method or technology is omnipotent, and no method or technology is useless. The use of market research methods and techniques requires flexibility and innovation, and cannot be immutable or blindly followed. The use of market research methods and techniques also needs to be rigorous and scientific, not arbitrary or subjective. The application of market research methods and techniques ultimately needs to serve the objectives of market research and cannot be separated from or deviated from.
Conclusion
市场调研是一种收集、分析和解释市场相关信息的方法,旨在帮助企业或组织做出更好的决策。市场调研的方法和技术有多种多样,包括定性研究和定量研究的区别和优劣,以及如何结合使用不同的方法和技术进行有效的市场调研。市场调研的方法和技术的选择和组合需要根据市场调研的具体情况和目标来决定,不能一概而论或一刀切。市场调研的方法和技术的运用需要灵活和创新,也需要严谨和科学,最终需要服务于市场调研的目标,而不是成为市场调研的目的。
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