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2024-07-18 09:24:48  来源:尚普咨询  浏览量:0

一、消费者行为研究方法的分类

市场调查公司的消费者行为研究方法可以分为两大类:定量研究和定性研究。定量研究是指通过收集和分析大量的数值数据,来描述和解释消费者行为的规律和趋势的研究方法。定性研究是指通过收集和分析少量的非数值数据,来探索和理解消费者行为的深层含义和动因的研究方法。

1. 定量研究

定量研究的主要特点是:(1)采用结构化或半结构化的数据收集工具,如问卷、测试、观察等;(2)采用随机或分层的抽样方法,以保证数据的代表性和可推广性;(3)采用统计分析或数学建模的方法,以检验假设或提取关键变量;(4)采用客观和逻辑的解释方式,以呈现数据的规律和趋势。

定量研究的主要优点是:(1)能够提供大量的数据,以支持客观和可靠的结论;(2)能够测量和量化消费者行为的各个方面,以支持精确和细致的分析;(3)能够比较和评估不同的消费者群体、产品、市场或策略,以支持有效和优化的决策。

定量研究的主要缺点是:(1)不能深入了解消费者行为的内在动机、情感和态度,以支持深刻和全面的理解;(2)不能灵活地适应消费者行为的多样性和复杂性,以支持创新和灵活的解决方案;(3)不能充分考虑消费者行为的社会和文化背景,以支持敏感和适应的沟通。

定量研究的适用场景是:(1)当消费者行为的主要影响因素已经明确,且可以用数值数据来衡量时;(2)当消费者行为的目标群体较大,且可以用随机或分层的抽样方法来代表时;(3)当消费者行为的研究目的是描述和解释现有的或预期的规律和趋势时。

2. 定性研究

定性研究的主要特点是:(1)采用非结构化或灵活的数据收集工具,如访谈、焦点小组、实验、情景分析等;(2)采用有意义或特殊的抽样方法,以保证数据的深度和质量;(3)采用内容分析或主题分析的方法,以发现潜在的或隐含的意义和关系;(4)采用主观和多元的解释方式,以呈现数据的内涵和维度。

定性研究的主要优点是:(1)能够提供丰富的数据,以支持深刻和全面的理解;(2)能够探索和揭示消费者行为的动机、情感和态度,以支持敏感和适应的沟通;(3)能够适应和创造消费者行为的多样性和复杂性,以支持创新和灵活的解决方案。

定性研究的主要缺点是:(1)不能提供大量的数据,以支持客观和可靠的结论;(2)不能测量和量化消费者行为的各个方面,以支持精确和细致的分析;(3)不能比较和评估不同的消费者群体、产品、市场或策略,以支持有效和优化的决策。

定性研究的适用场景是:(1)当消费者行为的主要影响因素不明确,或无法用数值数据来衡量时;(2)当消费者行为的目标群体较小,或需要用有意义或特殊的抽样方法来代表时;(3)当消费者行为的研究目的是探索和理解新的或隐含的意义和关系时。

二、消费者行为研究方法的案例分析

为了更好地说明市场调查公司如何运用消费者行为研究方法为不同行业的客户提供有价值的洞察和建议,本文选取了以下三个案例进行分析:

1. 汽车行业:定量研究+定性研究

某市场调查公司受一家国际汽车品牌的委托,进行了一项针对中国市场的消费者行为研究,旨在了解中国消费者对于该品牌的认知、态度和购买意愿,以及影响其购买决策的主要因素。该市场调查公司采用了定量研究和定性研究相结合的方法,分别进行了以下步骤:

定量研究:该市场调查公司设计了一份包含了品牌知名度、品牌形象、品牌忠诚度、购买意愿、购买决策等方面的问卷,通过网络和电话的方式,对全国各地的1000名汽车消费者进行了调查。通过对问卷数据的统计分析,该市场调查公司得出了以下结论:

该品牌在中国市场的知名度较高,但品牌形象不够突出,与竞争对手的差异化不明显;

该品牌的忠诚度较低,消费者对于该品牌的满意度和推荐意较低,主要原因是对该品牌的产品性能、价格、售后服务等方面不够满意;

该品牌的购买意愿较高,但主要受到消费者的个人收入、家庭支出、汽车政策等因素的影响;

该品牌的购买决策主要受到消费者的个人喜好、社会影响、信息来源等因素的影响。

定性研究:该市场调查公司根据定量研究的结果,选择了一部分具有代表性的消费者,进行了深入的访谈和焦点小组讨论,通过对访谈和讨论的内容分析,该市场调查公司得出了以下结论:

该品牌在中国市场的品牌形象不够突出的原因是,该品牌没有明确的定位和差异化的策略,没有充分体现其产品的核心优势和价值主张,也没有有效地传达其品牌的文化和理念;

该品牌的忠诚度较低的原因是,该品牌没有建立起与消费者的长期和稳定的关系,没有及时和有效地收集和处理消费者的反馈和建议,也没有提供足够的激励和奖励机制,来增加消费者的满意度和忠诚度;

该品牌的购买意愿较高的原因是,该品牌的产品在设计、功能、安全等方面还是有一定的吸引力,消费者对于该品牌的产品还是有一定的认可和信赖,也有一定的期待和愿望;

该品牌的购买决策主要受到消费者的个人喜好、社会影响、信息来源等因素的影响的原因是,消费者在购买汽车时,不仅考虑产品的性能和价格,还考虑产品的符合度和适用度,以及产品的社会和情感价值,因此,消费者会根据自己的喜好和需求,参考他人的意见和建议,以及获取和比较不同的信息来源,来做出最终的购买决策。

建议:根据定量研究和定性研究的结果,该市场调查公司为该汽车品牌提出了以下建议:

明确和突出品牌形象,通过制定和执行有效的品牌定位和差异化的策略,充分体现和传达产品的核心优势和价值主张,以及品牌的文化和理念,提升品牌的知名度和美誉度;

建立和维护品牌忠诚度,通过建立和执行有效的消费者关系管理系统,及时和有效地收集和处理消费者的反馈和建议,提供足够的激励和奖励机制,增加消费者的满意度和忠诚度;

提高和转化购买意愿,通过开发和推出符合消费者需求和偏好的新产品和服务,提供合理和有竞争力的价格和优惠,提供便捷和高效的渠道和方式,提高和转化消费者的购买意愿;

影响和促进购买决策,通过利用和整合不同的营销传播工具,如广告、公关、促销、社交媒体等,提供有价值和有影响力的信息和内容,影响和促进消费者的购买决策。

2.服装行业:定性研究

某市场调查公司受一家国内服装品牌的委托,进行了一项针对年轻女性消费者的消费者行为研究,旨在了解年轻女性消费者对于该品牌的认知、态度和购买行为,以及影响其购买行为的主要因素。该市场调查公司采用了定性研究的方法,进行了以下步骤:

定性研究:该市场调查公司设计了一份包含了品牌认知、品牌态度、购买行为、购买动机、购买障碍等方面的访谈指南,通过网络和面对面的方式,对全国各地的50名年轻女性消费者进行了深入的访谈,通过对访谈的内容分析,该市场调查公司得出了以下结论:

该品牌在年轻女性消费者中的品牌认知较低,主要原因是该品牌的宣传和推广不够广泛和有效,没有形成明显的品牌印象和记忆;

该品牌在年轻女性消费者中的品牌态度较为中立,主要原因是该品牌的产品和服务没有给消费者带来足够的满足和快乐,没有形成强烈的品牌喜好和信任;

该品牌在年轻女性消费者中的购买行为较为低频,主要原因是该品牌的产品和服务没有与消费者的需求和偏好相匹配,没有形成强烈的购买动机和意愿;

该品牌在年轻女性消费者中的购买动机主要是为了满足基本的功能和实用的需求,如保暖、舒适、耐用等,而不是为了满足高层次的情感和社会的需求,如美观、时尚、个性等;

该品牌在年轻女性消费者中的购买障碍主要是该品牌的产品和服务的价格过高,与消费者的预算和期望不符,以及该品牌的产品和服务的可获得性不高,与消费者的便利和效率不符。

建议:根据定性研究的结果,该市场调查公司为该服装品牌提出了以下建议:

提高和提升品牌认知,通过制定和执行有效的品牌宣传和推广计划,利用不同的营销传播工具,如广告、公关、促销、社交媒体等,提高品牌的曝光度和知名度,提升品牌的印象和记忆;

建立和改善品牌态度,通过开发和推出符合年轻女性消费者需求和偏好的新产品和服务,提供优质和专业的售前、售中、售后服务,建立和改善消费者对品牌的喜好和信任;

增加和刺激购买行为,通过提供合理和有竞争力的价格和优惠,提供便捷和高效的渠道和方式,增加和刺激消费者的购买行为;

满足和激发购买动机,通过了解和分析年轻女性消费者的心理和情感需求,如美观、时尚、个性等,通过设计和展示符合这些需求的产品和服务,满足和激发消费者的购买动机;

消除和降低购买障碍,通过调整和优化产品和服务的价格策略,与消费者的预算和期望相符,通过扩大和改善产品和服务的分销网络,与消费者的便利和效率相符,消除和降低消费者的购买障碍。

3.旅游行业:定量研究

某市场调查公司受一家国际旅游平台的委托,进行了一项针对中国市场的消费者行为研究,旨在了解中国消费者对于该平台的使用情况、满意度和忠诚度,以及影响其使用行为的主要因素。该市场调查公司采用了定量研究的方法,进行了以下步骤:

定量研究:该市场调查公司设计了一份包含了平台使用频率、平台使用目的、平台使用体验、平台使用满意度、平台使用忠诚度等方面的问卷,通过网络和电话的方式,对全国各地的2000名旅游消费者进行了调查。通过对问卷数据的统计分析,该市场调查公司得出了以下结论:

该平台在中国市场的使用频率较高,约有80%的消费者每年至少使用一次该平台,约有40%的消费者每年使用三次以上该平台;

该平台在中国市场的使用目的主要是为了预订国内或国际的酒店、机票、旅游套餐等,约有60%的消费者使用该平台来预订酒店,约有50%的消费者使用该平台来预订机票,约有30%的消费者使用该平台来预订旅游套餐;

该平台在中国市场的使用体验较好,约有90%的消费者认为该平台的界面设计、功能设置、信息内容、操作流程等方面都很方便和友好,约有80%的消费者认为该平台的价格优惠、服务质量、安全保障等方面都很有竞争力和可信赖;

该平台在中国市场的使用满意度较高,约有85%的消费者对该平台的整体满意度打出了4分以上(满分为5分),约有75%的消费者对该平台的各个方面的满意度打出了4分以上;

该平台在中国市场的使用忠诚度较强,约有70%的消费者表示会继续使用该平台,约有60%的消费者表示会向他人推荐该平台,约有50%的消费者表示会优先选择该平台。

建议:根据定量研究的结果,该市场调查公司为该旅游平台提出了以下建议:

保持和提高使用频率,通过维持和提高平台的功能性和实用性,满足消费者的基本的旅游需求,如预订酒店、机票、旅游套餐等,通过开发和推出更多的创新性和增值性的产品和服务,满足消费者的高层次的旅游需求,如定制旅游、体验旅游、主题旅游等;

保持和提高使用体验,通过不断优化和改进平台的界面设计、功能设置、信息内容、操作流程等方面,提高平台的易用性和友好性,通过不断调整和优化平台的价格优惠、服务质量、安全保障等方面,提高平台的竞争力和可信赖性;

保持和提高使用满意度,通过定期和有效地收集和分析消费者的反馈和建议,及时和有效地解决消费者的问题和投诉,提高消费者的满意度和忠诚度;

保持和提高使用忠诚度,通过建立和执行有效的消费者关系管理系统,提供足够的激励和奖励机制,如积分、优惠券、会员卡等,增加消费者的重复使用和推荐行为,提高消费者的忠诚度和口碑。




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