Technical principle of 1. car navigation

In-vehicle navigation is a global satellite navigation system (GNSS) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) and other technologies to achieve high-precision positioning and navigation systems for vehicles.GNSSIt is a radio navigation system with artificial satellites as navigation stations. It can receive satellite signals through receivers or other receivers for positioning and navigation. It can provide users with all-weather, high-precision position, speed and time information.IMUIt is an autonomous navigation and positioning method based on Newton's laws of mechanics and using inertial sensors (such as gyroscopes and accelerometers) to measure acceleration to calculate the position information of the carrier, which can accurately measure the position, acceleration, angle and other information.IMUIt does not radiate energy to the outside and does not rely on external information, so it has the ability to work independently without interacting with the outside world.

Car navigationGNSSandIMUComplementary advantages, so as to meet the requirements of automatic driving for positioning accuracy and stability.GNSSWhen the satellite signal is good, it can provide centimeter level positioning, but in the scene of weak satellite signal such as underground garage, the positioning accuracy will be greatly reduced.IMUAccurate positioning can be carried out even in complex working environment or extreme motion state, but there is a problem of error accumulation. The combination of the two can realize the complementarity of application scenarios and positioning accuracy. in addition,GNSSLow update frequency (only10HzIts delay is up100ms), is not enough to support real-time location updates,IMUUpdate frequency>100Hz(its delay <10ms), can make upGNSSreal-time defects.

The main product form of car navigation is the positioning box (P-Box),GNSSUnit,IMUUnit,GNSSAntenna,MCUSuch as composition. The development and mass production of in-vehicle navigation systems is difficult, of which the development difficulty is mainly reflected inGNSSUnit,IMUUnit,GNSSThe technical ability to couple antennas into products. Developers in the development of car navigation system needs to firstGNSS/IMUUnits (can be self-produced or purchased),GNSSThe antennas are decoupled separately and then coupled into an integrated navigation system. Coupling technology needs to be used in the coupling process, and the coupling algorithm can be divided into loose coupling, tight coupling and deep coupling according to the effect from high to low, and the development difficulty is also from low to high. The measured results show that the positioning accuracy of deep coupling can be improved compared with ordinary loose coupling.3~7Times, tighter coupling positioning accuracy can be improved.2~5Times. Most integrated navigation manufacturers can only master loose coupling technology, positioning effect is better tight./Deep coupling algorithm has become a difficult problem in the development of vehicle integrated navigation system.

Industry trend of 2. car navigation

The industry trend of in-car navigation is mainly driven by autonomous driving,L3 Level self-driving cars come standard with in-car navigation is expected to become a big trend. Autopilot has3Each positioning method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and can not meet the requirements of high precision, high reliability and high availability of automatic driving positioning system. Signal positioning:GNSSSystem-based, combinedRTKachieve centimeter-level positioning, also includingWiFiPositioning, base station positioning, etc.; environmental characteristic matching positioning: using on-board cameras, lidar and other sensors to perceive the surrounding environment (relative positioning), and matching the observed features with semantic maps or feature maps in the database to obtain the position and attitude of the vehicle; inertial navigation positioning: relying on inertial sensors (IMU) Obtain acceleration and angular velocity information, and thus calculate the current position and orientation positioning technology. Each of these three options has its own advantages and disadvantages, and none of them can be used alone.L3 Automatic driving requires high precision, high reliability and high availability of the positioning system. The signal positioning method depends on satellite signals. Satellite signal loss and signal positioning failure are easy to occur in tunnels, garages and other places. Sensors in environmental feature matching positioning are easily affected by bad weather. Although inertial navigation positioning is not easily disturbed by external environment, its error will change with time. The use of the three schemes alone cannot meetL3 Autonomous driving requires high precision, high reliability, and high availability of positioning systems, so cameras, lidar,IMU、GNSSsignals, etc. for deeper integration, especiallyGNSSandIMUThe fusion of signals is expected to form a more perfectL3 Autopilot positioning scheme.

We believe that in-vehicle integrated navigation applications areL3 The core advantages of self-driving cars are3Point: High precision:GNSSandIMUitself is capable of achieving high-precision positioning at the centimeter level alone; at the same time,IMUIt can be combined with vehicle wheel speed, steering wheel angle, other sensors and other information to further improve positioning accuracy; applicable to multiple scenarios: when the satellite signal is good,GNSSThe system can provide all-weather, all-day, absolute position accurate positioning signals; when the car enters the tunnel or garage and other areas where the satellite signal is missing, based on the road information andIMUDeduce the track of the car,IMUThe unit still allows the car to continue to drive safely. High reliability:IMUVerifiableGNSSself-consistency of positioning, for non-self-consistentGNSSThe data is filtered and corrected. For example, ifGNSSWhen the system fails, the absolute position of the output car has changed greatly in a short time, which will be fed back to the automatic driving system“The car has a lot of acceleration”This information, and at this timeIMUfound that the car does not have such an acceleration, which indicatesGNSSLocate the problem,IMUWill take over the absolute positioning system;

TuckiP7, WeilaiET7Waiting for many modelsL3 Models are equipped with a car integrated navigation system, with high precision+Multi-scene applicable+The advantages of high reliability, we judgeL3 Self-driving cars are expected to become a big trend in the industry.

3. Car Navigation Market Size

In2022-2028During the year, the size of the global car navigation market will increase from189.1$billion has steadily grown297.8The global car navigation market is growing at an annual rate of $100 million.4%. From the geographical distribution of the market, in2022In, the North American car navigation market accounted28.6% market share, the largest in the world. The European region followed, accounting25.9% of market share. The Asia-Pacific region accounted23.5% market share, of which China is the largest market in the Asia-Pacific region.

According to data from the Champ Consulting Group, in2022－2023During the year, the size of China's car navigation market will increase from507billion steadily increased550About 100 million yuan, the annual growth rate of China's car navigation market is5About%. From the perspective of product types, China's car navigation market is mainly composed of two parts: original assembly and post-assembly. The original assembly refers to the navigation system installed during the production of the car, and the post-assembly refers to the navigation system installed after the car is sold. In2022In, the original assembly accounted for the largest share of China's car navigation market.60%, after the assembly accounted40%. As car manufacturers pay more attention to navigation systems and consumers' requirements for quality and safety increase, it is expected that the original assembly will occupy a larger market share in the future.

The competitive landscape of 4. car navigation

According to data from the Shangpu Consulting Group, the top five manufacturers in the global car navigation market areGarmin、TomTom、Alpine、PioneerandBosch, which together dominate the global market.51.2%. Among themGarminIt is the world's largest car navigation manufacturer and occupies the global market.17.8％。GarminMainly to provide post-assembly products, in North America and Europe and other mature markets have a strong competitiveness.TomTomIt is the world's second largest car navigation manufacturer, occupying the global market.12.4％。TomTomMainly to provide the original assembly products, in the European market has a high market share.Alpine、PioneerandBoschrespectively occupy the global market8.7％、6.8% and5.5%, mainly to provide original assembly products, in the Asia Pacific and North America and other markets have a certain influence.

In China's car navigation market, the competitive landscape is more fragmented, and no manufacturer can occupy an absolute advantage. According to data from Shangpu Consulting Group, the top five manufacturers in China's car navigation market are Gaud, Baidu, HKUST Xunfei, NavInfo and Huatan Navigation, which together occupy the Chinese market.38.7%. Among them, Gaud is China's largest car navigation manufacturer, occupying the Chinese market.12.3%. Gaud mainly provides post-assembly products, and has a strong user base and brand influence on both the mobile and vehicle terminals. Baidu is the second largest car navigation manufacturer in China, occupying the Chinese market.9.8%. Baidu mainly provides original assembly products, and has strong technical advantages and partners in the field of automatic driving. HKUST Xunfei is China's third largest car navigation manufacturer, occupying the Chinese market.7.2%. iFLYTEK mainly provides original assembly products, and has strong technical advantages and partners in the field of voice interaction and artificial intelligence. Four-dimensional Tuxin and China Test Navigation respectively occupy the Chinese market.5.2% and4.2%, mainly to provide the original assembly products, in the map data and high-precision positioning technology has a certain degree of competitiveness.

Summary:

In-vehicle navigation is a global satellite navigation system (GNSS) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) and other technologies to achieve high-precision positioning and navigation systems for vehicles. Vehicle navigation system has a wide range of applications and market demand in the fields of automatic driving, traffic management, safety protection and so on. This paper analyzes the technical principles, industry trends, market size, and competitive landscape of vehicle navigation, aiming to provide reference for investors.

According to the analysis of this paper, we can draw the following conclusions:

The core technology of the car navigation system isGNSSandIMUDeep fusion to achieve high-precision, high-reliability, high-availability positioning and navigation functions.

The industry trend of in-car navigation systems is mainly driven by autonomous driving,L3 Level self-driving cars come standard with in-car navigation is expected to become a big trend.

The market size of in-vehicle navigation systems has a lot of room for growth in both the world and China, and is expected2023By the end of the year, the global car navigation market will reach197The size of China's car navigation market will reach550Billions of dollars.

The competition pattern of car navigation system is scattered in the world and China. No manufacturer can occupy an absolute advantage. There are different technical characteristics and market positioning among manufacturers.