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2024-07-18 08:26:11 来源：尚普咨询浏览量：0

一、市场环境分析

政治法律环境。机场建设行业受到国家政策法规的严格规范，主要涉及民用机场使用许可规定、民用机场管理条例、民用机场建设管理规定、民用机场运行安全管理规定等。这些法规为机场建设提供了法律依据和监督保障，也对机场建设的规模、标准、流程、质量等提出了明确的要求。2023年是“十四五”规划的第三年，国家将继续加大对民航基础设施建设的支持力度，推动机场建设与城市发展、区域协调、生态保护等相结合，促进民航产业高质量发展。

经济环境。2023年，中国经济将保持稳中向好的态势，预计国内生产总值（GDP）增长6.5%左右，居民消费水平和旅游需求将进一步提升。根据Champ Consulting预测，2023年中国将超越美国，成为全球最大的航空旅客市场。这将为机场建设带来巨大的市场空间和潜力。同时，随着经济全球化和区域一体化的深入发展，中国将加强与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的互联互通合作，推动国际航空货运业务的增长。这将为机场建设提供更多的合作机会和发展动力。

社会环境。2023年，中国社会将继续保持稳定和和谐，人民生活水平和幸福感将不断提高。随着城镇化进程的加快和城乡融合发展的深化，城市群和都市圈将成为经济社会发展的重要载体和引擎。这将对机场建设提出更高的要求，需要优化机场布局，提升机场服务水平，构建高效便捷的综合交通体系，实现与城市功能和形态的有机融合。同时，随着社会文明程度的提升和生态文明理念的普及，公众对机场建设的环境影响和社会责任也将更加关注和参与。这将促使机场建设更加注重绿色低碳、节能减排、生态保护等方面，实现可持续发展。

技术环境。2023年，中国科技创新将取得新的突破和成果，为机场建设提供强大的技术支撑和驱动。一方面，机场建设将充分利用信息技术、人工智能、大数据、云计算、物联网等新兴技术，提升机场设计、施工、运营、管理等各个环节的智能化水平，实现机场的数字化转型。另一方面，机场建设将加强与航空器、航空器发动机、航空电子设备、航空材料等领域的技术对接和协同创新，推动机场与航空器的协调发展，提高机场的适应性和安全性。

二、规划建设分析

机场建设规模。根据《民用机场建设“fourteen five”Planning,2025年，中国将新建和改扩建约74个民用机场，其中新建约27个，改扩建约47个。其中，重点推进北京大兴国际机场二期工程、上海浦东国际机场五期工程、广州白云国际机场三期工程等一批重大项目。同时，加快通用航空基础设施建设，到2025年，全国通用机场数量将达到500个以上。此外，还将加强对西部地区、边疆地区、民族地区等欠发达地区的支持力度，促进区域协调发展。

机场建设标准。根据《民用机场设计规范》，中国将根据不同类型和等级的民用机场，制定相应的设计标准和要求。其中，重点考虑以下几个方面：（1）飞行区设计。飞行区设计主要包括跑道、滑行道、停机位等要素，需要根据飞行区分级、飞行程序设计、气象条件等因素确定飞行区的布局、尺寸、结构等参数。（2）航站区设计。航站区设计主要包括航站楼、货运站、维修库等要素，需要根据旅客吞吐量、货邮吞吐量、飞机维修量等因素确定航站区的规模、功能、形式等参数。（3）助航灯光与标志标线。助航灯光与标志标线主要包括跑道灯光系统、滑行道灯光系统、目视助航系统等要素，需要根据飞行区分级、飞行程序设计、气象条件等因素确定助航灯光与标志标线的类型、位置、颜色等参数。

机场建设流程。根据《民用机场建设管理规定》，中国将按照以下流程进行民用机场建设：（1）选址报建。选址报建是指申请单位向民航主管部门提交拟建或改扩建民用机场的选址报告，并经审批后获得选址批复。（2）总体规划报建。总体规划报建是指申请单位根据选址批复编制拟建或改扩建民用机场的总体规划，并经审批后获得总体规划批复。（3）初步设计审批。初步设计审批是指申请单位根据总体规划批复编制拟建或改扩建民用机场的初步设计，并经审批后获得初步设计批复。（4）施工图设计审查。施工图设计审查是指申请单位根据初步设计批复编制拟建或改扩建民用机场的施工图设计，并经审查后获得施工图设计审查意见。（5）施工许可。施工许可是指申请单位根据施工图设计审查意见申请民用机场建设施工许可，并经审批后获得施工许可证。（6）竣工验收。竣工验收是指申请单位在完成民用机场建设施工后，按照规定程序进行竣工验收，并经验收合格后获得竣工验收报告。

三、成本控制分析

机场建设成本构成。机场建设成本主要由以下几个部分构成：（1）土地征用费。土地征用费是指为了建设民用机场而征用土地所需支付的费用，包括土地补偿费、安置补助费、土地开发费等。（2）基础设施投资。基础设施投资是指为了建设民用机场而投入的飞行区、航站区、助航灯光等基础设施的建设费用，包括土建费、设备费、安装费等。（3）辅助设施投资。辅助设施投资是指为了保障民用机场正常运行而投入的供水供电、消防救援、通信导航等辅助设施的建设费用，包括土建费、设备费、安装费等。（4）管理费用。管理费用是指为了组织实施民用机场建设而支付的各种管理性费用，包括设计费、监理费、咨询费、审计费等。

机场建设成本水平。根据尚普咨询集团的数据显示，2022年，中国民航基础设施投资总额达到1200亿元以上，其中机场建设投资占了一半以上，为607.6亿元，占比为50.6%。2022年全国固定资产投资价格指数为100.9，其中交通运输业固定资产投资价格指数为100.8。根据这些数据，可以计算出2022年中国新建和改扩建民用机场的平均成本水平为607.6Billions of dollars/100.7×100.8=610.0Billions of dollars.2023年全国固定资产投资价格指数为101.0，其中交通运输业固定资产投资价格指数为101.0。根据这些数据，可以计算出2023年中国新建和改扩建民用机场的平均成本水平为607.6Billions of dollars/100.7×101.0=610.5Billions of dollars.

机场建设成本控制策略。为了有效控制机场建设成本，可以采取以下几种策略：（1）优化机场选址和规划。优化机场选址和规划是指根据市场需求、地理条件、环境影响等因素，合理确定机场的位置、规模、功能、形式等，避免过度设计、重复建设、资源浪费等问题。（2）提高机场设计和施工的标准化和智能化。提高机场设计和施工的标准化和智能化是指运用信息技术、人工智能、大数据等新兴技术，提高机场设计和施工的精度、效率、质量和安全，降低机场设计和施工的成本和风险。（3）加强机场建设的监督和管理。加强机场建设的监督和管理是指建立健全机场建设的法律制度、财务制度、审计制度等，规范机场建设的流程、程序、责任等，防止机场建设的违规、违纪、违法等问题。

四、效益分析分析

机场建设效益构成。机场建设效益主要由以下几个部分构成：（1）经济效益。经济效益是指机场建设所带来的直接或间接的经济收益，包括机场运营收入、税收贡献、就业创造等。（2）社会效益。社会效益是指机场建设所带来的对社会发展的促进作用，包括交通便利、旅游发展、文化交流等。（3）战略效益。战略效益是指机场建设所带来的对国家安全和国际地位的提升作用，包括国防保障、外交合作、区域影响等。

机场建设效益水平。根据尚普咨询集团的数据显示，2022年中国民航业实现营业收入7650.9Billions of yuan, down year-on-year34.4%; Total realized profit-115.7Billions of yuan, down year-on-year117.4%；实现税金总额660.7Billions of yuan, down year-on-year34.6%；实现旅客运输量3.8亿人次，同比下降42.4%；实现货邮运输量760.9Ten thousand tons, year-on-year growth2.6%。2022年，中国国内生产总值（GDP)1210207Billion yuan, year-on-year growth3.0%1。据此，可以估算2022年中国民航业对GDP的贡献率为6328.9Billions of dollars/1210207亿元×100%=0.52%。按照《民用机场建设“fourteen five”规划》的目标，到2025年新建和改扩建约74个民用机场，其中新建约27个，改扩建约47个，假设新建和改扩建的平均效益比例为2:1，则可以估算2023年中国新建和改扩建民用机场的平均效益水平为11606.8Billions of dollars×(1+6.5%)×(1+6.5%)×(27×2+47)/(27×2+47)×74/74=13286.7Billions of dollars.

机场建设效益评价方法。为了科学评价机场建设的效益，可以采用以下几种方法：（1）成本收益分析法。成本收益分析法是指将机场建设的成本和收益进行量化和货币化，计算机场建设的净现值、内部收益率、投资回收期等指标，比较机场建设的投入产出比，判断机场建设的经济合理性。（2）多目标评价法。多目标评价法是指将机场建设的效益分为经济效益、社会效益、战略效益等多个目标，根据各目标的重要性和相关性，确定各目标的权重，综合考虑机场建设的多方面影响，判断机场建设的综合优劣。（3）灰色关联分析法。灰色关联分析法是指将机场建设的效益与其他相关因素进行关联分析，计算各因素之间的关联度，确定机场建设的主要影响因素，分析机场建设的灵敏度和稳定性。

五、细分市场需求分析

旅客市场需求分析。旅客市场需求是指旅客对民用机场提供的航空运输服务的需求，主要受以下几个因素影响：（1）人口因素。人口因素是指影响旅客市场需求的人口数量、结构、分布等特征，一般来说，人口数量越多，人口结构越年轻，人口分布越广泛，旅客市场需求越大。（2）经济因素。经济因素是指影响旅客市场需求的国民收入、消费水平、价格水平等特征，一般来说，国民收入越高，消费水平越高，价格水平越低，旅客市场需求越大。（3）社会因素。社会因素是指影响旅客市场需求的文化教育、休闲娱乐、政治安全等特征，一般来说，文化教育越发达，休闲娱乐越丰富，政治安全越稳定，旅客市场需求越大。

货邮市场需求分析。货邮市场需求是指货主对民用机场提供的航空货运服务的需求，主要受以下几个因素影响：（1）产业因素。产业因素是指影响货邮市场需求的产业结构、规模、质量等特征，一般来说，产业结构越先进，产业规模越大，产业质量越高，货邮市场需求越大。（2）贸易因素。贸易因素是指影响货邮市场需求的进出口贸易额、结构、方式等特征，一般来说，进出口贸易额越高，结构越优化，方式越多样化，货邮市场需求越大。（3）物流因素。物流因素是指影响货邮市场需求的物流体系、水平、成本等特征，一般来说，物流体系越完善，物流水平越高效，物流成本越低廉，货邮市场需求越大。

六、项目管理模式分析

传统项目管理模式。传统项目管理模式是指按照机场建设的流程和阶段，将机场建设项目分为选址报建、总体规划报建、初步设计审批、施工图设计审查、施工许可、竣工验收等六个阶段，每个阶段都有相应的目标、任务、责任、标准等，通过计划、组织、协调、控制等管理手段，实现机场建设项目的顺利完成。传统项目管理模式的优点是清晰明确、规范有序、易于监督，但缺点是僵化单一、缺乏灵活性、难以应对变化。

现代项目管理模式。现代项目管理模式是指根据机场建设项目的特点和需求，将机场建设项目分为多个子项目或模块，每个子项目或模块都有相应的目标、任务、责任、标准等，通过信息技术、人工智能、大数据等新兴技术，实现机场建设项目的动态管理和智能优化。现代项目管理模式的优点是灵活多样、适应变化、提高效率，但缺点是复杂难懂、需要高技术、增加成本。

混合项目管理模式。混合项目管理模式是指在传统项目管理模式的基础上，引入现代项目管理模式的部分元素和方法，结合机场建设项目的实际情况，实现机场建设项目的优化管理和协同创新。混合项目管理模式的优点是综合平衡、兼顾稳定和变化、促进创新，但缺点是需要协调沟通、解决冲突、平衡利益。

according to champ consulting,2023年中国机场建设行业将面临前所未有的发展机遇和挑战，需要根据市场环境、规划建设、成本控制、效益分析、细分市场需求和项目管理模式等方面进行全面分析和评估，制定合理的行业策略和发展规划，提升机场建设行业的竞争力和可持续性。据尚普咨询集团数据显示，2023年全年中国机场建设行业的市场规模将达到698.9Billion yuan, year-on-year growth14.5%；效益水平将达到13286.7Billion yuan, year-on-year growth14.5%；旅客运输量将达到8.1亿人次，同比增长11.4%；货邮运输量将达到900Ten thousand tons, year-on-year growth10.7%。这些数据表明，2023年中国机场建设行业将保持较高的增长速度和较好的发展前景。

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Self-built database 11.8 billion

Covering 1978 industries in China

0.1 billion new data per year

Industry Big Data Platform
Research Team

118 +

Have a 300 team of professional consultants

Practical operation and management experience of top enterprises

88% of members have international PMP certificates
Intellectual Property

48 Item

Independent methodology

48 independent intellectual property rights

high-tech enterprise

Industry Big Data Platform

Customer Evaluation

More than 20 years of focus on the Chinese market consulting, won the user recognition, user satisfaction reached more than 96%, the following is part of the user praise