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2024-07-18 08:26:18 Source: Champ Consulting Visits:0
一、航空航天行业概述
1.1 行业定义
根据《国民经济行业分类》(GB/T 4754-2017),航空航天行业属于制造业中的专用设备制造业,主要包括飞机制造、航天器制造、火箭及其发动机制造等。其中,飞机制造指提供载人或非载人飞行器在地球大气层中的航行活动的设备,包括干线飞机、支线飞机、通用飞机、直升机、无人机等;航天器制造指提供载人或非载人飞行器在地球大气层外的航行活动的设备,包括卫星、宇宙飞船、运载火箭等;火箭及其发动机制造指提供火箭及其发动机的设计、研发、生产和测试的设备。
1.2 发展背景
航空航天行业是维护国家安全和推动经济社会发展的战略性产业,具有高技术含量、高附加值、高投入产出比等特点。近年来,我国在政策支持和市场需求的双重驱动下,加快了航空航天行业的转型升级和国产化进程,取得了一系列重大成就。主要表现在以下几个方面:
国防建设方面,我国成功研制了多种先进的军用飞机,如歼-20隐形战斗机、运-20大型运输机、歼-10C多用途战斗机等,提高了我国空军的作战能力和威慑力。同时,我国也加快了火箭及其发动机的研发和生产,如长征五号运载火箭、长征八号运载火箭等,为我国开展深空探测和太空站建设提供了强有力的支撑。
民用领域方面,我国成功实现了自主研制民用喷气支线客机ARJ21和客运干线大飞机C919的商业化运营,打破了国外垄断的局面,提升了我国民用航空产业的国际竞争力。同时,我国也加强了通用飞机和无人机的研发和生产,如AG600水陆两栖飞机、彩虹系列无人机等,为我国开展应急救援、灾害防治、农林牧渔等提供了有效的工具。
航天领域方面,我国成功实施了嫦娥五号、天问一号、天舟二号等多个重大航天任务,实现了月球采样返回、火星探测、空间站建设等历史性突破,展示了我国航天事业的创新能力和探索精神。同时,我国也积极推进商业航天的发展,如星际荣耀、蓝箭航天等多家民营企业成功发射运载火箭和卫星,为我国航天产业的多元化和市场化提供了新的动力。
1.3 发展现状
根据尚普咨询集团数据显示,2022年,中国航空航天行业实现收入1.3万亿元,同比增长8.3%;实现利润总额1,200亿元,同比增长16.6%;实现出口交货值2,300亿元,同比增长13.3%。从细分领域来看,飞机制造业收入占比最高,达到57.7%,其次是航空发动机制造业,占比为19.2%,再次是航空零部件制造业,占比为13.8%,最后是机载设备及系统制造业,占比为9.3%。
从市场需求来看,我国航空航天行业受到军民两个方面的需求驱动。军用方面,随着我国国防现代化建设的加快和军事技术革命的深入,我国对先进的军用飞机、火箭及其发动机等装备的需求不断增加。民用方面,随着我国经济社会发展和人民生活水平提高,我国对民用飞机、通用飞机、无人机等装备的需求也不断扩大。同时,在“双碳”目标的指引下,我国对新能源飞机、低碳飞行等绿色航空技术的需求也日益增强。
从竞争格局来看,我国航空航天行业呈现出军用领域自主化程度高、民用领域自主化程度低的特点。军用领域,中航工业作为我国最大的军用飞机制造商,在战斗机、教练机、直升机等多个细分市场上具有垄断优势,并且不断推出新型号以满足不同作战需求。民用领域,中国商用飞机有限责任公司(以下简称中国商飞)作为我国最大的民用飞机制造商,在支线飞机和干线飞机市场上与波音、空客等外资巨头展开竞争,并且在市场份额和技术水平上逐步缩小差距。此外,在通用飞机和无人机市场上,我国也有多家民营企业参与竞争,如中航工业哈飞、中航工业昌飞、中航工业九江、中航工业洪都等在通用飞机领域具有较强的实力,而星际荣耀、蓝箭航天、零壹空间等在无人机领域具有较高的创新能力。
从国产化进程来看,我国航空航天行业在原材料、零部件、发动机、设备系统等方面的自主研发和生产能力不断提升,但仍存在一定的技术和质量差距。原材料方面,我国在碳纤维、高温合金等关键材料的研发和生产上取得了突破,但仍依赖进口的比例较高,且与国外先进水平存在一定差距。零部件方面,我国在机身结构件、扰流板、方向舵等部件的生产能力和产品质量上不断提升,但在减震器、轮胎等部件的技术水平上仍有待提高。发动机方面,我国在军用航发领域已实现了部分型号的国产化替代,在民用航发领域也有望实现部分型号的国产化配套,但与国外先进水平仍存在较大差距。设备系统方面,我国在军用机载设备及系统领域具有较强的自主研发和生产能力,在民用机载设备及系统领域也在逐步提升自主化水平,但在航空电子、飞行控制等关键领域仍存在技术瓶颈。
二、航空航天行业市场需求分析
2.1 市场规模
未来20年,中国航空市场将接收9084架新机,价值约1.39万亿美元,其中单通道喷气客机6295架。到2040年,中国的机队规模将达到9957架,成为全球最大的单一航空市场。我国民航市场规模大、潜力强。
我国现役军机总数为3285架,与美国的13246架和俄罗斯的4173架相比还有较大差距。其中,战斗机数量为1581架,占军机总数的48%。教练机、直升机、运输机、无人机等其他机型的数量也有待提升。预计到2023年底,我国军用飞机市场需求将达到2200架左右,其中战斗机需求为900架左右,教练机需求为450架左右,直升机需求为700架左右,运输机需求为120架左右,无人机需求为130架左右。按照平均单价计算,我国军用飞机市场规模将达到1.8万亿元。其中,战斗机市场规模为1.1万亿元左右,教练机市场规模为1500亿元左右,直升机市场规模为2100亿元左右,运输机市场规模为1500亿元左右,无人机市场规模为400亿元左右。
未来五年,中国航天将实施探月工程四期、行星探测工程、载人空间站工程等重大工程任务,推动航天运输系统升级换代,加快建设航天强国。预计到2023年底,中国航天器市场需求将超过1200颗,其中卫星需求为900颗左右,宇宙飞船需求为150颗左右,运载火箭需求为150枚左右。按照平均单价计算,中国航天器市场规模将达到4.5万亿元。其中,卫星市场规模为3万亿元左右,宇宙飞船市场规模为9000亿元左右,运载火箭市场规模为1500亿元左右。
Based on the above data, the market size of China's aerospace industry is expected to reach 893.3 billion billion yuan in 2023, an increase of 7.11 percent over the same period last year. Among them, the civil aircraft market accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 24.5 percent, followed by the military aircraft market size, accounting for 22.9 percent, and the spacecraft market size, accounting for 52.6 percent. The growth of the civil aircraft market is mainly driven by the development of the domestic economy and the policy of general aviation, the growth of the military aircraft market is mainly driven by the demand for national defense construction and technological innovation, and the growth of the spacecraft market is mainly driven by the vigorous development of commercial aerospace and the expansion of international cooperation.
2.2 growth rate
2022年,我国民用飞机市场需求的年均增长率达到5.5%,其中,支线飞机市场需求的年均增长率达到4%,干线飞机市场需求的年均增长率达到5.6%。未来20年,中国的民用飞机机队规模将增长一倍以上,达到9600架。其中,单通道喷气客机的需求将占据主导地位,预计将达到6295架。在这一背景下,我国民用飞机市场的年均增长率预计将高于全球平均水平。以C919大型客机为代表的国产民用飞机,将有力带动我国航空产业、高端制造业的发展,拥有广阔的市场前景。
2022年中国军用飞机市场需求将保持增长态势,受国际局势和地缘政治的影响,国防支出预算为14504.5亿元。其中,战斗机市场需求将以三代半和四代机为主,年均增长率达到8%;教练机市场需求将以歼-10B和歼-15T为主,年均增长率达到6%;直升机市场需求将以武装直升机为主,年均增长率达到7%;运输机市场需求以运-20和运-9为主,年均增长率达到9%;无人机市场需求以攻击型无人机为主,年均增长率达到12%。
中国航天器市场保持了高速增长的态势,预计未来五年年均增长率达到11.26%。卫星、宇宙飞船和运载火箭是市场的三大支柱,分别预计以7%、10%和9%的年均增长率发展。2023年,中国航天将实施近70次发射任务,创造新的纪录。
Based on the above data, the average annual growth rate of market demand in China's aerospace industry reached 6.5 per cent, higher than the global average of 5.6 per cent.
2.3 competitive landscape
我国航空装备行业竞争格局呈现出以下特点:
Industry concentration is high. Because the aviation equipment industry has the characteristics of high technology threshold, high capital investment and high safety requirements, the number of enterprises in the industry is small, and most of them are state-owned enterprises or military enterprises. China's largest aviation equipment group is AVIC, and its subsidiaries include AVIC Xifei, AVIC Shenfei and Zhongzhi. In 2022, these three companies ranked among the top three in the operating income of listed companies in China's aviation equipment industry, with a total income of 116.355 billion billion yuan, accounting for 53.1 of the entire industry's revenue. Other major aviation equipment companies include COMAC, AVIC Power, Hongdu Aviation and AVIC Heavy Machinery.
Industry differentiation is obvious. Due to the large differences in technical difficulty, production cycle, customer group, etc. in different segments, the degree of competition among enterprises in the industry is different. Generally speaking, the degree of competition in the field of complete machine manufacturing is relatively low, mainly monopolized by AVIC and COMAC, while the degree of competition in the fields of parts, engines, equipment systems, etc. is relatively high, and there are many companies participating, and foreign companies The competitive pressure is greater.
Low degree of internationalization of the industry. As the aviation equipment industry involves national security and strategic interests, the international cooperation of enterprises in the industry is more restricted, especially in the military field. At the same time, due to the technical level and product quality of China's aviation equipment industry and foreign advanced level there is a certain gap, the international market share of enterprises in the industry is low, mainly dependent on domestic market demand.
2.4 localization process
China's aviation equipment industry localization process presents the following characteristics:
国产化需求强烈。由于航空装备行业关系到国家安全和战略利益,我国对航空装备的国产化需求十分强烈,尤其是在军用领域。同时,由于我国航空装备行业在技术水平和产品质量上与国外先进水平存在一定差距,我国对航空装备的国产化需求也十分迫切,以提升我国航空装备的自主创新能力和国际竞争力。
国产化进程加快。在政策支持和市场需求的双重驱动下,我国航空装备行业的国产化进程不断加快,取得了一系列重大成就。在整机制造领域,我国成功实现了自主研制民用喷气支线客机ARJ21和客运干线大飞机C919的商业化运营,在军用飞机领域也成功研制了多种先进的型号,如歼-20隐形战斗机、运-20大型运输机等。在发动机制造领域,我国在军用航发领域已实现了部分型号的国产化替代,在民用航发领域也有望实现部分型号的国产化配套,如CJ1000等。在设备系统制造领域,我国在军用机载设备及系统领域具有较强的自主研发和生产能力,在民用机载设备及系统领域也在逐步提升自主化水平,如北斗导航系统、飞控系统等。在零部件制造领域,我国在机身结构件、扰流板、方向舵等部件的生产能力和产品质量上不断提升,但在减震器、轮胎等部件的技术水平上仍有待提高。
国产化难点突出。尽管我国航空装备行业的国产化进程不断加快,但仍面临着一些难点和挑战。一是原材料供应不足。由于碳纤维、高温合金等关键材料的研发和生产难度大,我国在这方面的自主能力不强,仍依赖进口的比例较高,且与国外先进水平存在一定差距。二是核心技术缺失。由于航空装备行业涉及多个领域和多个层次的技术,我国在一些核心技术上仍存在瓶颈,如航空发动机的高温合金叶片、机载设备的航空电子、零部件的减震器等。三是质量标准不一。由于我国航空装备行业的质量标准与国际标准存在差异,导致我国航空装备在国际市场上的认可度和接受度较低,影响了我国航空装备的出口和国际合作。
三、航空航天行业发展趋势
3.1 主要机遇
国家政策支持。在“十四五”规划和“双碳”目标的指引下,我国将持续加大对航空航天行业的政策支持力度,包括加快军民融合、推进新能源飞机、促进商业航天等方面,为行业发展提供有利的环境和条件。
市场需求增长。随着我国经济社会发展和人民生活水平提高,我国对民用飞机、通用飞机、无人机等装备的需求将不断扩大。同时,在维护国家安全和战略利益的需要下,我国对军用飞机、火箭及其发动机等装备的需求也将不断增加。此外,在“双碳”目标的推动下,我国对新能源飞机、低碳飞行等绿色航空技术的需求也将日益增强。
技术创新突破。随着我国在人工智能、3D打印、新材料等新技术领域的不断探索和创新,我国航空航天行业将有望实现一些关键技术的突破和应用,提升我国航空装备的性能和质量,缩小与国外先进水平的差距。
3.2 主要挑战
国际竞争压力大。由于航空航天行业具有高技术门槛、高资本投入、高安全要求等特点,行业内存在着一些国外巨头企业,如波音、空客、GE、P&W等,在技术水平和市场份额上占据优势,对我国航空装备制造商构成较大的竞争压力。
国内人才缺乏。由于航空航天行业涉及多个领域和多个层次的技术,对人才的素质和能力要求较高,而我国在这方面存在一定的缺口。我国民用飞机市场需要约12.5万名飞行员、18.5万名维修人员和25万名乘务员,而目前我国培养这些人才的能力还不足以满足市场需求。
国内基础设施不完善。由于航空航天行业需要依赖一些基础设施,如机场、航空管制、航天发射场等,而我国在这方面还存在一些不足。到2022年11月为止,我国正式通航的民用机场有251个,其中一类机场(可起降B737-800等大型飞机)有88个,占比为35.1%,而美国的一类机场占比为75.6%。此外,我国的航空管制、航天发射场等基础设施也存在一些瓶颈和障碍,影响了航空航天行业的发展。
四、发展方向和建议
根据以上分析,我国航空航天行业的发展方向和建议如下:
加强政策引导和支持。政府应该制定和完善一系列有利于航空航天行业发展的政策措施,包括加大财政投入、优化税收优惠、提供低息贷款、鼓励军民融合、放宽市场准入等,为行业发展提供有力的保障和激励。
加快技术创新和突破。企业应该加大研发投入和创新力度,重点攻克一些关键技术和核心技术,如航空发动机的高温合金叶片、机载设备的航空电子、零部件的减震器等,提升我国航空装备的性能和质量,缩小与国外先进水平的差距。
加强人才培养和引进。高校和科研机构应该加强与企业的合作和交流,培养和输送一批具有高素质和高能力的人才,满足行业发展的需求。同时,企业也应该积极引进一些具有国际视野和经验的人才,提升企业的创新能力和国际竞争力。
加快基础设施建设和完善。政府和企业应该加快对机场、航空管制、航天发射场等基础设施的建设和完善,提高行业的运行效率和安全性。同时,也应该加强对环境保护、节能减排等方面的考虑,推进绿色航空的发展。
尚普咨询观点
综上所述,我国航空航天行业是一个具有高技术含量、高附加值、高投入产出比等特点的战略性产业,在维护国家安全和推动经济社会发展方面具有重要意义。近年来,在政策支持和市场需求的双重驱动下,我国航空航天行业取得了一系列重大成就,但仍面临着一些挑战和难点。未来,我国应该加强政策引导和支持、加快技术创新和突破、加强人才培养和引进、加快基础设施建设和完善等方面的工作,以提升我国航空航天行业的自主创新能力和国际竞争力,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦贡献力量。
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On July 05, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "In-process Plastic Market Research Project in the Automotive Sector. The customer said: The project report completed by Shangpu Consulting in cooperation with our company is due to the wide range of projects and strong professional products. Thank you very much for the professional and detailed market research report of Shangpu Consulting. I look forward to cooperating again next time and wish Shangpu Consulting by going up one storey! Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 05, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "Research Project of the Network Designated City Transport Company. The customer said: The market research project provided by Shangpu Consulting for our company has provided us with a valuable reference basis for objectively evaluating the current market situation of the industry and achieved the expected goal. I also wish Champ Consulting the development of by going up one storey! Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for "A Brand Sales Leading Research Project in the Water Purifier Industry. The customer said: The market research project provided by Shangpu Consulting for our company has provided us with a valuable reference basis for objectively evaluating the current market situation of the industry and achieved the expected goal. I also wish Champ Consulting the development of by going up one storey! Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
July 07, 2020, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer's "Lithium Battery Enterprise Sales Strategy and Production Cost Research Project. The customer said: The market research project provided by Shangpu Consulting for our company has provided us with a valuable reference basis for objectively evaluating the current market situation of the industry and achieved the expected goal. I also wish Champ Consulting the development of by going up one storey! Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "Coal Mine Tunnel Drilling Rig Market Share Proof Project. The customer said: The survey plan of Shangpu Consulting is rigorous in design, scientific in method, standardized and rigorous in survey organization process, and basically reliable survey data, which provides relatively credible first-hand information for our research work. The research results are of great help to our company to understand the whole picture of the industry. Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from a customer for "A Brand in an Industry Leading Sales Research Project for Three Consecutive Years. The customer said: The survey plan of Shangpu Consulting is rigorous in design, scientific in method, standardized and rigorous in survey organization process, and basically reliable survey data, which provides relatively credible first-hand information for our research work. The research results are of great help to our company to understand the whole picture of the industry. Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 07, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "China Bird's Nest Industry Market Ranking Research Project. The customer said: has cooperated many times, as always satisfied, also recommend to other enterprises cooperation. Once again, I would like to thank the users for their support and wish them a prosperous career and an evergreen foundation!
On July 09, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for a hazardous waste treatment research project. The customer said: this is the organizational structure of the survey, the service process is very good, wish your company's consulting work is getting better and better, look forward to the next cooperation. I wish users a prosperous career, evergreen foundation!
On July 16, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the Shared Beauty Research Project. The customer said: The content of Phase I and Phase II is satisfactory, and we look forward to signing a long-term agreement in the later period. The research part of the country will continue to cooperate with your company. I wish users a prosperous career, evergreen foundation!
On July 09, 2021, Shangpu Consulting received a satisfaction evaluation sheet from the customer for the "Research Project on the Organizational Structure of Two Liquor Production Enterprises. The customer said: This is an organizational structure survey, the service process is very good, looking forward to the next cooperation. I wish users a prosperous career, evergreen foundation!
Research Module | research content | ||||||
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Market research | Industry status | market capacity | Product Application | channel mode | Supply chain | market competition | Market Consulting |
Competitor Research | Enterprise background | Enterprise Finance | Sales Data | Market Strategy | Production Equipment | Supply Procurement | Technology R & D |
warehousing logistics | channel construction | Human Resources | Enterprise Strategy | ||||
User Research | Consumer Survey | consumption behavior attitude | Publicity/Promotion | Product Service | Brand Research | consumer characteristics | |
satisfaction survey | Employee satisfaction | user satisfaction | |||||
Market Entry Advisory | Macro Industry Research | competitive enterprise research | Downstream User Research | Channel Research | Due Diligence | Return on Investment | |
Floor module | Landing implementation recommendations | Long-term cooperation | |||||
Business investment due diligence | Target industry market investment value due diligence | Industry Benchmarking Enterprise Research | Target Enterprise Credit Assessment Report | Project investment due diligence | |||
industry planning | Market research | market access | development strategy | investment location | Acquisition and integration | IPO Fundraising | |
Credit Report | Basic information | Major Events | Production/Operation Network | enterprise scale | Operating strength | Financial strength | Legal risk |
Future business prediction | Overall credit rating | cooperative risk warning | |||||
Brand/Sales Proof | Market Share Proof | Market Share Proof | Proof of brand strength | Industry Proof | Specialized new proof | Proof of sales strength | Proof of technological leadership |
National/Global Status Certificate |
15 Year
Champ Consulting has been established for 15 years.
48 Intellectual Property Rights
Independent methodology
80% of the information comes from first-hand research.
118 Billionth
Self-built database 11.8 billion
Covering 1978 industries in China
0.1 billion new data per year
Industry Big Data Platform
118 +
Have a 300 team of professional consultants
Practical operation and management experience of top enterprises
88% of members have international PMP certificates
48 Item
Independent methodology
48 independent intellectual property rights
high-tech enterprise
Industry Big Data Platform
400-969-2866