The concept, characteristics and value of 1. specialized and special new enterprises.

Specialized and special new enterprises refer to small and medium-sized enterprises with outstanding specialization, refinement, characteristics, and innovation capabilities. They are an important force in the transformation and upgrading of my country's manufacturing industry. The concept of specialized and special new enterprises was first proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2015. It is based on the "specialization, emerging, characteristic, and internationalization" of small and medium-sized enterprises to further highlight the requirements of innovation capabilities and emphasize that enterprises should Work intensively in subdivided fields, form its own core competitiveness, and enhance the added value and brand influence of products and services. The characteristics of specialized new enterprises are mainly manifested in the following aspects:

specialization. Specialized and special new enterprises should focus on their main business, do fine and meticulous, do not blindly follow the trend or cross-border, but according to their own advantages and characteristics, choose their own market segments, create professional products and services, meet the personalized and diversified needs of customers, and improve customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Refinement. Specialized and special new enterprises should pay attention to details, do a good job, constantly improve the quality and level of products and services, pursue excellent quality and performance, meet the high-end and high quality needs of customers, and enhance customer recognition and trust.

The characteristic. Specialized and special new enterprises should highlight differences, become stronger and bigger, constantly innovate the form and content of products and services, form their own characteristics and styles, meet the novel and unique needs of customers, and enhance their love and recommend.

Outstanding innovation ability. Specialized and special new enterprises should be driven by innovation, be better and stronger, constantly invest in R & D and innovation, master key technologies and core knowledge, form their own patents and standards, meet the advanced and leading needs of customers, and enhance customer respect and dependence.

The value of specialized new enterprises is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Contribution to economic development. Specialized and special new enterprises are an important driving force for my country's economic growth, an important driving force for the optimization of my country's industrial structure, and an important supporting force for my country's innovation-driven development. Through the development of specialization, refinement, specialization and innovation, specialized and special new enterprises have improved the added value and competitiveness of products and services, increased economic and social benefits, promoted the quality and efficiency of economic growth, promoted industrial upgrading and transformation, and enhanced economic vitality and resilience.

Contribution to social development. Specialized and special new enterprises are an important guarantee for social stability in our country, an important channel for employment and entrepreneurship in our country, and an important source of improvement of people's livelihood in our country. Through the development of specialization, refinement, specialization and innovation, specialized and special new enterprises have provided a large number of jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities, increased the income and wealth of the people, improved the lives and well-being of the people, promoted social harmony and progress, and enhanced social confidence and centripetal force.

Contribution to national security. Specialized and special new enterprises are an important cornerstone of my country's national security, an important pillar of my country's national defense construction, and an important window of my country's international influence. Through the development of specialization, refinement, specialization and innovation, specialized and special new enterprises have mastered a number of key technologies and core knowledge, formed a number of strategic emerging industries and strategic emerging fields, enhanced China's independent innovation ability and independent control ability, enhanced China's comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness, and promoted China's national security and international status.

Innovation Path and Mode of 2. Specialized and New Enterprises

In order to take the road of innovation, specialized and special new enterprises need to choose their own innovation path and mode according to their own characteristics and conditions. Generally speaking, the innovation paths and modes of specialized new enterprises can be divided into the following categories:

technological innovation. Technological innovation refers to the innovation in products, processes, services, etc., and is the core innovation of specialized new enterprises. Technological innovation can be divided into four stages: technology introduction, technology digestion, technology absorption and technology innovation. It can also be divided into three types: original innovation, integrated innovation and transformation innovation. Technological innovation requires specialized and special new enterprises to have strong R & D capabilities and innovation capabilities, be able to master key technologies and core knowledge, form their own patents and standards, and improve the technical level and competitiveness of products and services.

Management innovation. Management innovation refers to the innovation in organizational structure, operation mechanism, incentive system and so on, and is the internal innovation of specialized new enterprises. Management innovation can be divided into strategic innovation, structural innovation, process innovation, cultural innovation and other types, can also be divided into top-down management innovation and bottom-up management innovation. Management innovation requires specialized and special new enterprises to have flexible organizational forms and efficient operation methods, which can stimulate the creativity and enthusiasm of employees, form their own management concepts and styles, and improve the management level and efficiency of enterprises.

market innovation. Market innovation refers to the innovation in market positioning, market development, marketing and other aspects, and is the external innovation of specialized new enterprises. Market innovation can be divided into product innovation, channel innovation, price innovation, promotion innovation and other types, can also be divided into active innovation and passive innovation. Market innovation requires specialized and special new enterprises to have keen market insight and broad market vision, be able to grasp market demand and changes, form their own market positioning and strategies, and enhance the market share and influence of products and services.

model innovation. Model innovation refers to the innovation in business model, cooperation model, income model, etc., and is the overall innovation of specialized new enterprises. Model innovation can be divided into three links: value creation, value transmission and value acquisition, and can also be divided into subversive innovation and enhanced innovation. Model innovation requires specialized and special new enterprises to have open thinking and innovative spirit, be able to break the traditional thinking pattern and industry barriers, form their own business logic and value proposition, and enhance the profitability and competitiveness of enterprises.

An example of innovation in 3.-specialized new enterprises: Champu Consulting.

Shangpu Consulting Co., Ltd. is a specialized new enterprise specializing in market research, investment and financing consulting, IPO listing consulting and other fields. Founded in 2008, headquartered in Beijing, it has a team composed of returned doctors, senior experts, and industry elites. The high-quality team provides professional, efficient and high-quality consulting services for various enterprises and institutions at home and abroad. Shangpu Consulting Company has demonstrated the following innovative practices in the innovation of specialized new enterprises:

technological innovation. Shangpu Consulting Company focuses on the use of advanced technical means and methods to improve the quality and effectiveness of consulting services. For example, Shangpu Consulting Company uses big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other technologies to build a comprehensive, in-depth and real-time market research platform, which can collect, analyze and present market data and information from all walks of life. to provide customers with accurate, comprehensive and timely market insights and suggestions. Shangpu Consulting also uses blockchain, smart contract, digital currency and other technologies to build a safe, efficient and convenient investment and financing consulting platform, which can connect, coordinate and promote the investment and financing needs and transactions of all kinds of investors and entrepreneurs, and provide customers with reliable, professional and preferential investment and financing programs and services. Shangpu Consulting also uses Internet, mobile, social media and other technologies to build an open, interactive and shared IPO listing consulting platform, which can communicate, collaborate and support the IPO listing needs and processes of various enterprises and institutions. to provide customers with comprehensive, professional and efficient IPO listing guidance and services.

Management innovation. Shangpu Consulting focuses on establishing a flexible organizational structure and efficient operating mechanism to improve the level and efficiency of consulting services. For example, Shangpu Consulting Company adopts the organizational form of project system, according to different customers and projects, the formation of different project teams, to achieve the optimal allocation and utilization of resources, improve the team's ability to collaborate and execute. Shangpu Consulting Company also adopts the performance system of incentive system, according to different employees and positions, to develop different performance indicators and assessment methods, to achieve personalized incentive and management of employees, improve the creativity and enthusiasm of employees. Shangpu Consulting also adopts a platform-based operation model, builds different platforms and networks according to different markets and fields, realizes the standardization and scale of services, and improves the quality and effect of services.

market innovation. Shangpu Consulting focuses on developing market segments and satisfying diverse customers to enhance the competitiveness and influence of consulting services. For example, Shangpu Consulting provides different market research, investment and financing consulting, IPO listing consulting and other professional services for different industries and fields, covering manufacturing, service industries, high-tech industries, emerging industries and other fields, meeting the needs of enterprises and institutions of different types and sizes, and forming their own market positioning and advantages. Shangpu Consulting also provides different international services such as market research, investment and financing consulting, and IPO listing consulting for different regions and countries, expanding domestic and foreign markets and customers, and meeting the needs of different cultures and laws. Formed its own market network and influence. Shangpu Consulting also provides customized services such as market research, investment and financing consulting, and IPO listing consulting for different scenarios and needs, innovating the form and content of the service, meeting the needs of different stages and goals, and forming its own Market strategy and effect.

model innovation. Shangpu Consulting focuses on building innovative business models and cooperation models to enhance the profitability and competitiveness of consulting services. For example, Shangpu Consulting adopts the business model of sharing economy, opens its platform and network to other consulting institutions and experts, realizes the sharing and complementarity of resources, improves the efficiency and quality of services, reduces costs and risks, and increases revenue and profits. Shangpu Consulting has also adopted the cooperation model of the ecosystem, established close cooperative relations with other financial institutions, legal institutions and media institutions, realized the interconnection and interaction of services, improved the coverage and influence of services, expanded the market and customers, and increased value and income.

Innovation Challenges and Opportunities for 4. Specialized and New Enterprises

Specialized and special new enterprises are not only facing great opportunities, but also many challenges on the road of innovation. In order to seize the opportunity, meet the challenge and take the road of innovation, the specialized and special new enterprises need to have a clear understanding and correct countermeasures. The innovation opportunities of specialized new enterprises mainly come from the following aspects:

National policy support. The state attaches great importance to the development of specialized new enterprises and has issued a series of policies and measures to provide strong support for the innovation of specialized new enterprises. For example, the state has set up a specialized and special new enterprise development fund to provide financial support for specialized and special new enterprises; the state has implemented measures for the identification and management of specialized and special new enterprises to provide policy support for specialized and special new enterprises; the state has promoted policies such as tax incentives, financial support and market access for specialized and special new enterprises, providing environmental support for specialized and special new enterprises.

The pull of market demand. The market demand for the products and services of specialized new enterprises is growing, which provides a driving force for the innovation of specialized new enterprises. For example, with the development of economy and the progress of society, people's demand for products and services is getting higher and higher, and the demand for specialized, refined, characteristic, and innovative products and services is getting stronger and stronger. Special new enterprises provide market space; with the development of science and technology and the acceleration of innovation, new technologies, new products, and new services continue to emerge, and the demand for the technology and knowledge of specialized new enterprises is increasing, it provides market opportunities for specialized new enterprises.

The promotion of technological progress. Technological progress and innovation provide conditions for the innovation of specialized new enterprises. For example, with the rapid development of information technology, biotechnology, new material technology, new energy technology, etc., it provides technical platforms and tools for specialized and special new enterprises, so that specialized and special new enterprises can carry out technology faster and better. Innovation and application; with the wide application of the Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, etc., it provides technical channels and methods for specialized and special new enterprises, to enable specialized and special new enterprises to carry out market innovation and expansion in a wider and deeper way.

The innovation challenges of specialized new enterprises mainly come from the following aspects:

constraints of financial pressure. The innovation of specialized and special new enterprises requires a large amount of capital investment, and the funding sources and channels of specialized and special new enterprises are relatively limited, which brings restrictive pressure to the innovation of specialized and special new enterprises. For example, the innovation cycle of specialized and special new enterprises is longer, the rate of return is lower, and the risk is higher, which leads to the financing difficulty of specialized and special new enterprises, the financing cost is higher, and the financing efficiency is lower; the innovation achievements of specialized and special new enterprises are more difficult to transform, the protection is more difficult to implement, and the value is more difficult to reflect.

Constraints of talent shortage. The innovation of specialized and special new enterprises needs the support of high-quality talents, and the talent reserve and attraction of specialized and special new enterprises are relatively insufficient, which brings a shortage of constraints for the innovation of specialized and special new enterprises. For example, the innovation of specialized new enterprises requires talents with professional knowledge, innovation ability, teamwork and other abilities, but the supply of such talents is relatively insufficient and the competition is relatively fierce, which makes it difficult for specialized new enterprises to recruit talents. Slow training and rapid brain drain; the innovation of specialized new enterprises requires talents with international vision, cross-cultural communication, cross-field cooperation and other abilities, but the training of such talents is relatively insufficient, the flow is relatively poor, resulting in specialized new enterprises talent development is more difficult, less talent exchange, talent cooperation is weak.

constraints of competitive pressure. The innovation of specialized and special new enterprises is facing fierce competition from home and abroad, which brings the pressure of restriction to the innovation of specialized and special new enterprises. For example, the innovation of specialized new enterprises needs to compete with domestic counterparts and foreign counterparts, maintain their market share and position, and prevent them from being surpassed or replaced by the innovation of other enterprises; the innovation of specialized new enterprises needs to compete with foreign advanced enterprises and institutions, catch up with and surpass international levels and standards, and prevent them from being lagging behind or marginalized by the innovation of other countries.

5. conclusions and recommendations

Specialized and special new enterprises are an important force in the transformation and upgrading of my country's manufacturing industry, and an important supporting force for my country's innovation-driven development. In order to take the road of innovation, specialized and special new enterprises need to adhere to market-oriented, customer-centered, technology-centered, quality-oriented, talent-supported, management-guaranteed, cooperation-oriented, and social responsibility-oriented, so as to form the ability and mechanism of independent innovation and enhance their core competitiveness and sustainable development ability. To this end, this paper puts forward the following suggestions:

Strengthen policy support and guidance. Government departments should further improve the identification and management system of specialized and special new enterprises, and increase policy support in the financial, taxation, financial and market aspects of specialized and special new enterprises, so as to provide a favorable environment and conditions for the innovation of specialized and special new enterprises. At the same time, government departments should strengthen the supervision and evaluation of specialized new enterprises, timely discover and solve the problems and difficulties in the innovation of specialized new enterprises, and provide effective guidance and services for the innovation of specialized new enterprises.

Increase the investment and guarantee of funds. Specialized and special new enterprises should increase their own R & D and innovation capital investment, improve the initiative and autonomy of innovation. At the same time, specialized and special new enterprises should actively seek external sources of funds and channels, the use of national special funds, social venture capital, market equity financing and other ways to increase the financial security of innovation. In addition, specialized and special new enterprises should strengthen the transformation and protection of their own innovation achievements, and use patents, standards, brands and other methods to increase the return on innovation.

Cultivate the reserve and attract talents. Specialized and special new enterprises should strengthen their own personnel training and incentive mechanism, improve the innovation ability and enthusiasm of talents. At the same time, specialized and special new enterprises should actively attract external human resources and partners, and use platforms such as universities, scientific research institutions, industry associations, and international organizations to increase the reserve and attraction of talents. In addition, specialized and special new enterprises should strengthen their own talent exchange and cooperation mechanism, and use the Internet, social media, professional forums and other channels to increase talent exchange and cooperation.

Expand market development and marketing. Specialized new enterprises should strengthen their own market research and analysis capabilities, improve market sensitivity and insight. At the same time, specialized and special new enterprises should actively explore domestic and foreign markets and customers, and use e-commerce, exhibitions, advertising and other methods to increase market development and marketing. In addition, specialized and special new enterprises should strengthen their own market service and maintenance capabilities, and use customer relationship management, after-sales service, user feedback and other methods to increase market service and maintenance.

Exploration and practice of innovation model. Specialized and special new enterprises should strengthen their own innovative thinking and innovative spirit, and improve their motivation and confidence in innovation. At the same time, specialized and special new enterprises should actively explore and practice new business models and cooperation models, and use sharing economy, ecosystem, platform economy and other ways to increase innovative models and practices. In addition, specialized and special new enterprises should strengthen their own innovation evaluation and improvement capabilities, and use data analysis, user experience, case studies and other methods to increase innovation evaluation and improvement.