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专精特新企业的申请和认定

2024-07-18 01:22:55 来源：尚普咨询浏览量：0

专精特新企业的概念和特征

专精特新企业是指在细分市场具有较强竞争力、专业化程度高、创新能力强、发展潜力大的中小企业，是推动产业转型升级、实现高质量发展的重要力量。专精特新企业的概念最早由日本提出，称为“专业制造商”，是指专注于某一领域或产品的制造企业，通过不断创新和提高质量，赢得市场和客户的信赖。中国在2011年开始借鉴日本的做法，提出了“专精特新”中小企业的培育计划，旨在培养一批具有自主知识产权、核心技术和品牌优势的中小企业，形成一批在国内外市场具有较强竞争力的“隐形冠军”。

专精特新企业的特征主要表现在以下几个方面：

专业化。专精特新企业长期专注于某一细分市场或某一产品，形成了自己的核心竞争力，能够为大企业、大项目提供关键零部件、元器件和配套产品，或直接面向市场并具有竞争优势的自有品牌产品。专精特新企业通常不追求规模扩张，而是追求品质提升，注重产品的精细化、个性化和差异化，满足客户的多样化需求。

创新能力。专精特新企业具有持续创新能力和研发投入，在研发设计、生产制造、市场营销、内部管理等方面不断创新并取得比较显著的效益，具有一定的示范推广价值。专精特新企业拥有自主知识产权，拥有有效的发明专利、实用新型专利、外观设计专利、软件著作权等，或通过技术引进、合作、并购等方式获取关键技术。专精特新企业还注重与高等院校、科研机构、行业协会等开展合作，建立研发机构、技术中心、工程中心、院士专家工作站、博士后工作站等，提高技术创新水平。

发展潜力。专精特新企业重视并实施长期发展战略，公司治理规范、信誉良好、社会责任感强，生产技术、工艺及产品质量性能国内领先，注重绿色发展，加强人才队伍建设，有较好的品牌影响力，具备发展成为相关领域国际知名企业的潜力。专精特新企业的经济效益较好，主营业务收入或净利润的增长率较高，资产负债率较低，研发经费支出占营业收入的比重较高。

专精特新企业的申请和认定

专精特新企业的申请和认定是指由创新型中小企业按属地原则自愿提出申请，省级中小企业主管部门根据认定标准，组织对企业申请材料和相关佐证材料进行审核、实地抽查和公示，最终由工业和信息化部确定并发布专精特新企业名单的过程。专精特新企业的申请和认定主要遵循以下原则：

自愿申请。专精特新企业的申请和认定是企业自主选择的，不强制要求，不收取任何费用，不委托任何机构开展培训，不需要也不建议通过任何中介机构辅助申请。企业只需如实填报，并提供资料即可。

公平公正。专精特新企业的申请和认定坚持公平公正的原则，随机抽取专家，不设立名额上限，不区分所有制、行业、地域，不重复认定，不重复享受政策。对于不符合条件或提供虚假信息的企业，一经查实，立即予以撤销。

动态管理。专精特新企业的有效期为3年。工业和信息化部组织对入选满3年的企业进行复核，不符合条件或未提交复核申请材料的企业将予以撤销。有效期内如发现虚假申报或存在违法违规行为的，一经查实，立即予以撤销。

专精特新企业的申请和认定主要包括以下步骤：

申报。企业通过优质中小企业梯度培育平台（zjtx.miit.gov.cn）统一申报。按照本通知列明的申报材料，自2023年3月15日至4月10日期间上传。申报材料包括“第五批专精特新‘小巨人’企业申请书”（附件1）和相关佐证材料（附件2）。

推荐和初核。省级中小企业主管部门负责组织第五批专精特新“小巨人”企业初核和推荐工作，择优组织符合条件的企业填写“第五批专精特新‘小巨人’企业申请书”（附件1），初审核实后提出推荐意见。推荐的企业数不超过200家，其中上年度营业收入不足5000万元的企业数不超过10家。

审核公示。工业和信息化部负责组织第五批专精特新“小巨人”企业的审核和公示工作，按照认定标准，组织专家对省级中小企业主管部门推荐的企业进行审核，审核结果将在工业和信息化部网站（www.miit.gov.cn）进行公示，公示期为10个工作日。公示期间，接受社会各界监督，如有异议，可通过电话、信函、电子邮件等方式向工业和信息化部反映。

确定发布。工业和信息化部根据审核和公示情况，确定第五批专精特新“小巨人”企业名单，并在工业和信息化部网站（www.miit.gov.cn）进行发布，同时通知各省级中小企业主管部门，由其将认定结果通知相关企业。

专精特新企业的发展现状和挑战

专精特新企业的培育计划自2011年启动以来，取得了一定的成效，为中国的产业转型升级和创新驱动发展做出了积极贡献。截至2022年底，全国共有专精特新“小巨人”企业4000多家，涵盖了电子信息、装备制造、新材料、生物医药、新能源、节能环保等多个领域。专精特新企业的平均规模、效益、创新能力、市场占有率等指标均高于一般中小企业，成为中国经济增长的重要支撑和新动能。

专精特新企业在发展过程中，也面临着一些挑战和困难，主要表现在以下几个方面：

融资难。专精特新企业由于规模较小、知名度较低、抵押物缺乏、风险较高等原因，难以获得银行和金融机构的贷款支持，也难以通过股权融资、债券发行、上市等方式筹集资金，导致资金链紧张，影响企业的正常运营和发展。

人才缺乏。专精特新企业由于薪酬水平、福利待遇、职业发展等方面的吸引力不足，难以招聘和留住高素质的技术人才、管理人才和营销人才，导致企业的创新能力、管理水平和市场拓展能力受到制约。

政策不足。专精特新企业虽然享受了一些税收优惠、财政补贴、政府采购等政策支持，但是这些政策的实施效果和覆盖面还不够理想，存在一些政策落实不到位、政策执行不规范、政策衔接不顺畅等问题，导致专精特新企业的政策获得感不强。

环境复杂。专精特新企业在国内外市场面临着激烈的竞争和不确定的风险，如国际贸易摩擦、知识产权保护、市场准入、技术封锁、汇率波动、疫情影响等，导致企业的经营成本增加、市场需求下降、利润空间缩小。

专精特新企业的支持措施

为了促进专精特新企业的健康发展，政府和社会应该采取以下一些支持措施：

加大金融支持。政府应该引导银行和金融机构加大对专精特新企业的信贷投放，降低贷款门槛和利率，延长贷款期限，提高贷款审批效率，简化贷款手续，增加贷款担保，扩大贷款规模。同时，政府应该支持专精特新企业通过股权融资、债券发行、上市等方式筹集资金，为专精特新企业提供资本市场的服务和指导，优化专精特新企业的融资结构。

培养人才队伍。政府应该加强对专精特新企业的人才培养和引进，提高专精特新企业的人才待遇，为专精特新企业的人才提供税收优惠、住房补贴、子女教育、医疗保障等福利，激发专精特新企业的人才活力。同时，政府应该支持专精特新企业与高等院校、科研机构、行业协会等开展合作，建立人才培养、交流、共享的机制，提高专精特新企业的人才水平。

完善政策体系。政府应该完善专精特新企业的政策体系，制定专门针对专精特新企业的法律法规、规章制度、标准规范、指导意见等，为专精特新企业的发展提供法治保障。同时，政府应该加强专精特新企业的政策执行和监督，确保政策的落实到位，及时解决政策执行中的问题，提高专精特新企业的政策满意度。

优化发展环境。政府应该优化专精特新企业的发展环境，加强专精特新企业的知识产权保护，打击侵权假冒行为，维护专精特新企业的合法权益。同时，政府应该扩大专精特新企业的市场空间，支持专精特新企业参与政府采购、重大工程、国际合作等，帮助专精特新企业开拓国内外市场，提高专精特新企业的市场份额。

专精特新企业的典型案例

咨询公司是一家专业从事专精特新企业的咨询服务的公司，拥有多年的服务经验和丰富的客户资源，为专精特新企业提供了包括申报指导、市场分析、技术评估、财务规划、品牌建设、人才培训等方面的全方位的咨询服务。咨询公司的服务案例有以下几个：

某科技有限公司。该公司是一家专业从事智能机器人的研发、生产和销售的企业，主要产品有工业机器人、服务机器人、教育机器人等，拥有多项自主知识产权和国际领先的技术水平。该公司在2021年向咨询公司寻求专精特新企业的申报指导，咨询公司为其提供了申报材料的编写、审核、修改和提交等服务，帮助该公司顺利通过了专精特新企业的认定，享受了相关的政策支持，提高了企业的发展信心和竞争力。

某光电有限公司。该公司是一家专业从事光电器件的研发、生产和销售的企业，主要产品有激光二极管、光纤耦合器、光开关、光衰减器等，广泛应用于通信、医疗、军工等领域，拥有多项自主知识产权和国内领先的技术水平。该公司在2022年向咨询公司寻求市场分析的咨询服务，咨询公司为其提供了国内外市场的需求、竞争、趋势、机遇等方面的深入分析，帮助该公司制定了合理的市场战略，拓展了新的市场渠道，提高了企业的市场占有率和利润率。

某航空科技有限公司。该公司是一家专业从事无人机的研发、生产和销售的企业，主要产品有多旋翼无人机、固定翼无人机、垂直起降无人机等，具有高效、安全、灵活、智能等特点，可用于农业、消防、巡检、测绘等领域，拥有多项自主知识产权和国际先进的技术水平。该公司在2023年向咨询公司寻求技术评估的咨询服务，咨询公司为其提供了无人机的技术水平、技术创新、技术壁垒、技术风险等方面的专业评估，帮助该公司提高了技术创新能力，保护了技术优势，降低了技术风险。

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