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尚普咨询：专精特新企业的培育技巧

2024-07-18 01:23:05 来源：尚普咨询浏览量：0

一、专精特新企业的概念、特征、价值和现状

（一）专精特新企业的概念

专精特新企业是指专注于细分市场、聚焦主业、创新能力强、成长性好的中小企业，是实体经济的重要支撑和创新的重要源泉。专精特新企业的概念最早由国务院总理李克强于2015年提出，是对中小企业的一种分类和评价，也是对中小企业的一种期待和鼓励。专精特新企业的核心特征是“专精特新”，即专业化、精细化、特色化和创新化，体现了中小企业的差异化竞争优势和发展潜力。

（二）专精特新企业的特征

专精特新企业具有以下四个方面的特征：

1. 专业化。专精特新企业专注于细分市场，深耕产业链某一环节或某一产品，形成自身的核心竞争力，不盲目跟风或跨界经营，避免同质化竞争，提高市场占有率和利润率。

2. 精细化。专精特新企业注重产品和服务的质量和效率，持续提升管理水平和生产能力，优化生产流程和成本结构，提高资源利用率和客户满意度。

3. 特色化。专精特新企业具有鲜明的产品特色和品牌形象，满足消费者的个性化和多样化需求，打造自己的市场定位和差异化优势，增强市场影响力和忠诚度。

4. 创新化。专精特新企业具有较强的创新能力和意识，不断投入研发和技术改造，推进技术创新、制度创新和商业模式创新，适应市场变化和客户需求，提升产品附加值和核心竞争力。

（三）专精特新企业的价值

专精特新企业对于国家经济社会发展具有重要的价值和作用，主要体现在以下几个方面：

1. 促进产业结构优化升级。专精特新企业通过专业化、精细化、特色化和创新化的发展，填补了产业链的空白和短板，提升了产业链的完整性和竞争力，推动了产业结构的优化升级，增强了国家的战略安全和经济安全。

2. 增加就业和税收。专精特新企业通过高效的生产和经营，创造了大量的就业岗位和税收收入，为国家和社会提供了稳定的财政支持和社会保障，促进了社会的和谐稳定。

3. 激发创新活力和潜力。专精特新企业通过不断的技术创新和模式创新，培育了一批具有国际竞争力的创新型企业和创新型人才，为国家的科技进步和创新驱动发展提供了源源不断的动力和支撑。

4. 服务民生和社会需求。专精特新企业通过满足消费者的个性化和多样化需求，提供了优质的产品和服务，提高了消费者的生活质量和幸福感，为社会的可持续发展和人民的美好生活做出了贡献。

（四）专精特新企业的现状

专精特新企业作为中小企业的一种，也面临着中小企业普遍存在的一些问题和困难，主要表现在以下几个方面：

1. 融资难融资贵。专精特新企业由于规模较小、信用等级较低、抵押物缺乏等原因，难以获得银行和金融机构的信贷支持，融资成本较高，融资渠道较少，影响了企业的资金流动和发展规模。

2. 人才匮乏人才流失。专精特新企业由于待遇水平、职业发展、社会保障等方面的不足，难以吸引和留住高素质的人才，尤其是技术人才和管理人才，影响了企业的创新能力和核心竞争力。

3. 政策支持不足政策落实不到位。专精特新企业虽然受到了国家和地方政府的高度重视和支持，但是在政策的制定和实施过程中，仍然存在一些不完善和不协调的问题，如政策的覆盖面不够广、政策的执行力不够强、政策的效果不够明显等，影响了政策的实际效果和企业的实际受益。

4. 市场竞争激烈市场风险增大。专精特新企业由于专注于细分市场，面临着来自国内外的同行和跨界的竞争对手，市场竞争日趋激烈，同时，由于市场需求的变化和不确定性，市场风险也在增大，企业的生存和发展面临着更大的挑战和压力。

二、专精特新企业的培育技巧

针对专精特新企业的发展现状和问题，本文提出了以下几点培育技巧，以期为专精特新企业的高质量发展提供参考和借鉴。

（一）加大创新投入，提升创新能力

创新是专精特新企业的生命线和核心竞争力，也是专精特新企业的根本出路和发展动力。专精特新企业应该加大创新投入，提升创新能力，具体措施包括：

1. 增加研发经费，优化研发结构。专精特新企业应该将一定比例的营业收入用于研发活动，保证研发经费的充足和稳定，同时，应该根据自身的发展战略和市场需求，合理分配基础研究、应用研究和开发研究的比重，提高研发效率和效果。

2. 建立研发团队，培养研发人才。专精特新企业应该建立专业化、高效化、协作化的研发团队，吸引和留住具有创新精神和创新能力的研发人才，提供良好的工作环境和激励机制，激发研发人才的创新潜能和创新热情。

3. 申请专利权，保护知识产权。专精特新企业应该积极申请专利权，保护自己的知识产权，防止技术泄露和侵权，同时，应该充分利用专利信息，了解技术动态和市场趋势，指导自己的技术创新和产品开发。

（二）强化协同创新，拓展创新资源

协同创新是专精特新企业的重要途径和有效手段，也是专精特新企业的必然选择和发展趋势。专精特新企业应该强化协同创新，拓展创新资源，具体措施包括：

1. 加强产学研合作，促进技术转化。专精特新企业应该加强与高校、科研院所、行业协会等机构的合作，利用他们的技术优势和人才优势，开展技术开发和成果转化，提高自身的技术水平和创新能力，同时，也为他们提供实际的应用场景和市场反馈，促进技术的商业化和社会化。

2. 建立产业联盟，促进资源共享。专精特新企业应该建立与自身相关的产业联盟，与上下游企业、同行企业、跨界企业等进行合作，共享技术资源、市场资源、人力资源等，实现资源的优化配置和利用，提高产业的整体效益和竞争力，同时，也为自身的发展提供更多的机会和空间。

3. 参与国际交流，促进技术引进。专精特新企业应该参与国际交流和合作，与国外的先进企业和机构进行技术交流和技术引进，借鉴和学习国外的先进技术和管理经验，提升自身的国际化水平和视野，同时，也为国外的技术输出和市场拓展提供平台和支持。

（三）推进数字化转型，提升运营效率

数字化转型是专精特新企业的重要机遇和有效途径，也是专精特新企业的必要条件和发展方向。专精特新企业应该推进数字化转型，提升运营效率，具体措施包括：

1. 采用数字化工具，优化生产流程。专精特新企业应该采用数字化工具，如云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能等，对生产流程进行数字化管理和优化，实现生产的智能化、自动化、精准化和可视化，提高生产的质量和效率，降低生产的成本和风险。

2. 建立数字化平台，优化营销渠道。专精特新企业应该建立数字化平台，如电商平台、社交媒体平台、内容平台等，对营销渠道进行数字化拓展和优化，实现营销的多元化、个性化、互动化和实时化，提高营销的覆盖率和转化率，增加营销的收入和利润。

3. 利用数字化数据，优化决策支持。专精特新企业应该利用数字化数据，如客户数据、市场数据、竞争数据、行业数据等，对决策支持进行数字化分析和优化，实现决策的科学化、数据化、智能化和预测化，提高决策的准确性和有效性，增强决策的信心和决心。

（四）提升品牌影响力，增加市场认知度

品牌影响力是专精特新企业的重要资产和核心竞争力，也是专精特新企业的重要目标和发展动力。专精特新企业应该提升品牌影响力，增加市场认知度，具体措施包括：

1. 塑造品牌形象，传递品牌价值。专精特新企业应该塑造自己的品牌形象，突出自己的产品特色和品牌优势，传递自己的品牌理念和品牌文化，打造自己的品牌个性和品牌差异，提高自己的品牌知名度和美誉度。

2. 开展品牌宣传，扩大品牌影响。专精特新企业应该开展品牌宣传，利用各种媒体和渠道，如电视、报纸、杂志、网络、社交媒体等，进行品牌的广告投放、公关活动、口碑营销、事件营销等，扩大自己的品牌影响力和忠诚度。

3. 参与品牌评价，提高品牌信誉。专精特新企业应该参与品牌评价，接受各种权威和专业的品牌评价机构和媒体的评价和认证，如中国名牌、中国驰名商标、中国质量奖、中国消费者协会等，提高自己的品牌信誉和信任度。

（五）加快上市步伐，增加融资渠道

上市是专精特新企业的重要目标和有效手段，也是专精特新企业的重要机遇和发展方向。专精特新企业应该加快上市步伐，增加融资渠道，具体措施包括：

1. 选择合适的上市市场，符合自身的发展战略。专精特新企业应该根据自身的规模、成长性、创新性、国际化等因素，选择合适的上市市场，如主板、中小板、创业板、科创板、新三板、海外市场等，符合自身的发展战略和目标，获取更多的资本支持和市场认可。

2. 完善上市准备，符合上市条件。专精特新企业应该完善自身的财务、法律、管理、信息披露等方面的上市准备，符合上市市场的各项条件和要求，如盈利能力、市值规模、股权结构、治理机制、信息披露制度等，提高自身的上市质量和水平。

3. 利用上市平台，提升发展能力。专精特新企业应该利用上市平台，提升自身的发展能力，如通过增发、配股、可转债等方式，增加资金来源，扩大发展规模；通过并购、重组、投资等方式，增加资源整合，拓展发展空间；通过股权激励、员工持股等方式，增加人才激励，提高发展效率。

3. Conclusion

专精特新企业是专注于细分市场、聚焦主业、创新能力强、成长性好的中小企业，是实体经济的重要支撑和创新的重要源泉。专精特新企业面临着融资难、人才流失、政策不足、市场竞争等问题和挑战，需要加大创新投入、强化协同创新、推进数字化转型、提升品牌影响力、加快上市步伐等培育技巧，以实现高质量发展和可持续发展，为国家经济社会发展做出更大的贡献。

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