The concept, characteristics, value and current situation of 1. specialized and special new enterprises.

(I) the concept of specialized new enterprises

Specialized and special new enterprises refer to small and medium-sized enterprises that focus on market segments, focus on the main business, have strong innovation capabilities, and have good growth potential. They are an important support for the real economy and an important source of innovation. The concept of specialized new enterprises was first put forward by Premier Li Keqiang in 2015. It is not only a classification and evaluation of small and medium-sized enterprises, but also an expectation and encouragement for small and medium-sized enterprises. The core feature of specialized and special new enterprises is "specialized and special new", that is, specialization, refinement, characteristics and innovation, which reflects the differentiated competitive advantages and development potential of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Characteristics of (II) Specialized Special New Enterprises

Specialized new enterprises have the following four characteristics:

1. Specialization. Specialized and special new enterprises focus on market segmentation, deepen a certain link or a certain product in the industrial chain, form their own core competitiveness, do not blindly follow the trend or cross-border operations, avoid homogeneous competition, and increase market share and profit margins.

2. Refinement. Specialized and special new enterprises pay attention to the quality and efficiency of products and services, continuously improve the management level and production capacity, optimize the production process and cost structure, and improve resource utilization and customer satisfaction.

3. Characteristics. Specialized and special new enterprises have distinct product characteristics and brand image, meet the personalized and diversified needs of consumers, create their own market positioning and differentiation advantages, and enhance market influence and loyalty.

4. Innovation. Specialized and special new enterprises have strong innovation capabilities and awareness, continue to invest in R & D and technological transformation, promote technological innovation, institutional innovation and business model innovation, adapt to market changes and customer needs, and enhance product added value and core competitiveness.

The Value of (III) Specialized Special New Enterprises

Specialized and special new enterprises have important value and role in the country's economic and social development, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Through the development of specialization, refinement, specialization and innovation, specialized and special new enterprises have filled the gaps and shortcomings of the industrial chain, improved the integrity and competitiveness of the industrial chain, promoted the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, and enhanced The country's strategic security and economic security.

2. Increase employment and tax revenue. Specialized and special new enterprises have created a large number of jobs and tax revenue through efficient production and operation, provided stable financial support and social security for the country and society, and promoted social harmony and stability.

3. Stimulate innovation vitality and potential. Through continuous technological innovation and model innovation, specialized and special new enterprises have cultivated a number of innovative enterprises and innovative talents with international competitiveness, providing a steady stream of power and support for the country's scientific and technological progress and innovation-driven development.

4. Serving people's livelihood and social needs. By meeting the personalized and diversified needs of consumers, specialized and special new enterprises provide high-quality products and services, improve the quality of life and happiness of consumers, and contribute to the sustainable development of society and the better life of the people.

The Status Quo of Specialized New Enterprises in (IV)

As a kind of small and medium-sized enterprises, specialized and special new enterprises are also faced with some common problems and difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, mainly in the following aspects:

1. Financing is difficult and expensive. Due to the small scale, low credit rating and lack of collateral, it is difficult for specialized and special new enterprises to obtain credit support from banks and financial institutions. The financing cost is high and the financing channels are few, which affects the capital flow and development scale of enterprises.

2. Lack of talent brain drain. Due to the lack of treatment level, career development, social security and other aspects, it is difficult to attract and retain high-quality talents, especially technical and management talents, which affects the innovation ability and core competitiveness of enterprises.

3. Insufficient policy support Policy implementation is not in place. Although specialized and special new enterprises have been highly valued and supported by the national and local governments, there are still some imperfect and uncoordinated problems in the process of policy formulation and implementation, such as the coverage of the policy is not wide enough, the implementation of the policy is not strong enough, and the effect of the policy is not obvious enough, which affects the actual effect of the policy and the actual benefit of the enterprise.

4. The market competition is fierce and the market risk increases. As a result of focusing on market segments, specialized and special new enterprises are facing increasingly fierce market competition from domestic and foreign counterparts and cross-border competitors. At the same time, due to changes and uncertainties in market demand, market risks are also increasing. The survival and development of enterprises are facing greater challenges and pressures.

Cultivation Skills of 2. Specialized Special New Enterprises

In view of the development status and problems of specialized new enterprises, this paper puts forward the following cultivation skills, with a view to providing reference and reference for the high-quality development of specialized new enterprises.

(I) increase investment in innovation and enhance innovation capacity

Innovation is the lifeline and core competitiveness of specialized and special new enterprises, and it is also the fundamental way out and development power of specialized and special new enterprises. Specialized and special new enterprises should increase investment in innovation and enhance their innovation capabilities. Specific measures include:

1. Increase R & D funding and optimize R & D structure. Specialized and special new enterprises should use a certain proportion of their operating income for R & D activities to ensure the adequacy and stability of R & D funds. At the same time, they should reasonably allocate the proportion of basic research, applied research and development research according to their own development strategy and market demand, so as to improve the efficiency and effect of R & D.

2. Establish R & D team and cultivate R & D talents. Specialized and special new enterprises should establish a professional, efficient and collaborative R & D team, attract and retain R & D talents with innovative spirit and innovative ability, provide a good working environment and incentive mechanism, and stimulate the innovation potential and enthusiasm of R & D talents.

3. Apply for patent rights and protect intellectual property rights. Specialized and special new enterprises should actively apply for patent rights, protect their intellectual property rights, and prevent technology leakage and infringement. At the same time, they should make full use of patent information, understand technology trends and market trends, and guide their own technological innovation and product development.

(II) Strengthen Collaborative Innovation and Expand Innovation Resources

Collaborative innovation is an important way and effective means for specialized and special new enterprises, and it is also the inevitable choice and development trend of specialized and special new enterprises. Specialized and new enterprises should strengthen collaborative innovation and expand innovation resources. Specific measures include:

1. Strengthen industry-university-research cooperation and promote technological transformation. Specialized and special new enterprises should strengthen cooperation with universities, scientific research institutes, industry associations and other institutions, make use of their technical and talent advantages, carry out technology development and achievement transformation, improve their own technical level and innovation ability, at the same time, also provide them with practical application scenarios and market feedback, and promote the commercialization and socialization of technology.

2. Establish industrial alliances to promote resource sharing. Specialized and special new enterprises should establish industrial alliances related to themselves, cooperate with upstream and downstream enterprises, peer enterprises, cross-border enterprises, etc., share technical resources, market resources, human resources, etc., realize the optimal allocation and utilization of resources, and improve the industry At the same time, it also provides more opportunities and space for its own development.

3. Participate in international exchanges and promote technology introduction. Specialized and special new enterprises should participate in international exchanges and cooperation, conduct technology exchanges and technology introduction with foreign advanced enterprises and institutions, learn from and learn from foreign advanced technology and management experience, and enhance their own international level and vision. At the same time, it also provides a platform and support for foreign technology output and market expansion.

(III) digital transformation to improve operational efficiency

Digital transformation is an important opportunity and effective way for specialized new enterprises, and it is also a necessary condition and development direction for specialized new enterprises. Specialized new enterprises should promote digital transformation and improve operational efficiency. Specific measures include:

1. Use digital tools to optimize the production process. Specialized and special new enterprises should adopt digital tools, such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc., to digitally manage and optimize the production process, realize the intelligence, automation, precision and visualization of production, improve the quality and efficiency of production, and reduce the cost and risk of production.

2. Establish a digital platform and optimize marketing channels. Specialized and special new enterprises should establish digital platforms, such as e-commerce platforms, social media platforms, content platforms, etc., to digitally expand and optimize marketing channels, realize marketing diversification, personalization, interaction and real-time, improve marketing coverage and conversion rate, and increase marketing revenue and profits.

3. Use digital data to optimize decision support. Specialized new enterprises should use digital data, such as customer data, market data, competition data, industry data, etc., to digitally analyze and optimize decision support, to achieve scientific, data-based, intelligent and predictive decision-making, to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of decision-making, and to enhance the confidence and determination of decision-making.

(IV) enhance brand influence and increase market awareness

Brand influence is not only an important asset and core competitiveness of specialized new enterprises, but also an important goal and driving force for the development of specialized new enterprises. Specialized new enterprises should enhance brand influence, increase market awareness, specific measures include:

1. Shaping brand image and transmitting brand value. Specialized and special new enterprises should shape their own brand image, highlight their own product characteristics and brand advantages, pass on their own brand concept and brand culture, create their own brand personality and brand differences, and improve their brand awareness and reputation.

2. Carry out brand promotion and expand brand influence. Specialized and special new enterprises should carry out brand promotion and use various media and channels, such as television, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, social media, etc., to carry out brand advertising, public relations activities, word-of-mouth marketing, event marketing, etc., to expand their brand influence and loyalty.

3. Participate in brand evaluation and improve brand reputation. Specialized and special new enterprises should participate in brand evaluation and accept the evaluation and certification of various authoritative and professional brand evaluation agencies and media, such as Chinese famous brands, Chinese well-known trademarks, China quality awards, China Consumer Association, etc., to improve their brand reputation and trust.

(V) speed up the pace of listing and increase financing channels

Listing is an important goal and effective means for specialized and special new enterprises, as well as an important opportunity and development direction for specialized and special new enterprises. Specialized new enterprises should speed up the pace of listing, increase financing channels, specific measures include:

1. Choose the right market, in line with their own development strategy. Specialized and special new enterprises should choose suitable listing markets according to their own scale, growth, innovation, internationalization and other factors, such as the main board, small and medium-sized board, gem, science and technology innovation board, the new third board, overseas markets, etc., in line with their own development strategies and goals, and obtain more capital support and market recognition.

2. Improve the preparation for listing and meet the listing conditions. Specialized new enterprises should improve their financial, legal, management, information disclosure and other aspects of the preparation for listing, in line with the conditions and requirements of the listing market, such as profitability, market capitalization, equity structure, governance mechanism, information disclosure system, etc., to improve their own listing quality and level.

3. Use the listing platform to enhance development capabilities. Specialized and special new enterprises should use the listing platform to enhance their own development capabilities, such as increasing the source of funds and expanding the scale of development through additional issuance, allotment, convertible bonds, etc.; through mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, investment, etc., increase resource integration and expand Development space; through equity incentives, employee stock ownership and other methods, increase talent incentives and improve development efficiency.

3. Conclusion

Specialized and special new enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises that focus on market segments, focus on the main business, have strong innovation capabilities, and have good growth potential. They are an important support for the real economy and an important source of innovation. Specialized and special new enterprises are facing problems and challenges such as financing difficulties, brain drain, insufficient policies, and market competition. They need to increase investment in innovation, strengthen collaborative innovation, promote digital transformation, enhance brand influence, and accelerate the pace of listing. Achieve high-quality development and sustainable development, and make greater contributions to the country's economic and social development.