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2024-07-18 01:23:18 来源:尚普咨询 浏览量:0
一、专精特新企业的定义、特征、分类和现状
1. Definition
专精特新企业是指在某一领域具有专业化、创新化和领先优势的中小企业,是国家经济发展的重要力量。专精特新企业的概念最早由日本提出,称为“专业制造商”(Monozukuri),指的是以高技术、高品质、高附加值为特征,专注于某一细分市场,具有全球竞争力的中小企业。后来,欧盟、美国、韩国等国家和地区也相继提出了类似的概念,如“隐形冠军”(Hidden Champions)、“精品企业”(Niche Firms)、“世界第一企业”(World No.1 Enterprises)等。我国在2016年提出了“专精特新”战略,将专精特新企业定义为“在某一领域具有专业化、创新化和领先优势的中小企业,是国家经济发展的重要力量”。
2. 特征
专精特新企业具有以下几个显著的特征:
专业化:专精特新企业专注于某一细分市场,形成了自己的核心技术和产品,满足了客户的个性化和多样化需求,提高了自己的市场份额和利润率。
创新化:专精特新企业不断进行技术创新、产品创新、模式创新和管理创新,保持了自己的领先优势和竞争力,适应了市场的变化和挑战。
领先优势:专精特新企业在自己的领域具有较高的知名度和影响力,甚至成为了全球的领导者或标杆,为行业的发展和进步做出了贡献。
3. 分类
专精特新企业可以根据其所处的领域和发展阶段进行分类,一般可以分为以下四类:
新兴型:指的是在新兴领域或新兴市场具有专业化、创新化和领先优势的中小企业,如互联网、人工智能、生物技术、新能源等领域的企业。
成长型:指的是在传统领域或成熟市场具有专业化、创新化和领先优势的中小企业,如机械、电子、化工、医药等领域的企业。
转型型:指的是在面临市场变化或竞争压力的情况下,通过专业化、创新化和领先优势实现转型升级的中小企业,如纺织、服装、家具、玩具等领域的企业。
挑战型:指的是在遭遇技术落后或市场萎缩的情况下,通过专业化、创新化和领先优势寻求突破和发展的中小企业,如钢铁、煤炭、造纸、陶瓷等领域的企业。
4. 现状
专精特新企业在我国的数量和比例还不够高,尤其是在新兴领域和高端领域,专精特新企业的数量和质量还有待提高。根据2019年的统计数据,我国专精特新企业的数量约为10万家,占中小企业总数的2.5%,远低于日本的10%、德国的8%和韩国的6%。专精特新企业的平均规模也较小,平均年营业收入为1.5亿元,平均年利润为0.15亿元,平均年研发投入为0.03亿元,平均年专利申请量为3.5件。专精特新企业的发展也面临着一些困难和挑战,如创新能力不足、人才缺乏、资金紧张、市场开拓困难、政策支持不够等。
二、专精特新企业的培育目标和路径
1. 培育目标
专精特新企业的培育目标是提高专精特新企业的数量和质量,增强专精特新企业的创新能力和核心竞争力,扩大专精特新企业的市场份额和影响力,促进专精特新企业的转型升级和可持续发展,为国家经济社会发展和创新驱动战略提供支撑和动力。具体而言,可以从以下几个方面设定培育目标:
质量目标:到2025年,专精特新企业的平均年营业收入达到3亿元,平均年利润达到0.3亿元,平均年研发投入达到0.06亿元,平均年专利申请量达到7件;到2030年,专精特新企业的平均年营业收入达到6亿元,平均年利润达到0.6亿元,平均年研发投入达到0.12亿元,平均年专利申请量达到14件。
创新目标:到2025年,专精特新企业的研发投入占营业收入的比例达到2%,专利申请量占中小企业总数的比例达到10%;到2030年,专精特新企业的研发投入占营业收入的比例达到4%,专利申请量占中小企业总数的比例达到20%。
市场目标:到2025年,专精特新企业的国内市场份额达到30%,国际市场份额达到10%;到2030年,专精特新企业的国内市场份额达到50%,国际市场份额达到20%。
影响目标:到2025年,专精特新企业的知名度和美誉度达到70%,行业领导者和标杆企业的数量达到1000家;到2030年,专精特新企业的知名度和美誉度达到90%,行业领导者和标杆企业的数量达到2000家。
2. 培育路径
专精特新企业的培育路径是根据专精特新企业的特征和需求,采取有针对性和有效性的措施,促进专精特新企业的发展和成长。具体而言,可以从以下几个方面实施培育路径:
明确定位和发展方向:根据专精特新企业所处的领域和发展阶段,明确专精特新企业的定位和发展方向,制定合理的发展目标和战略规划,激发专精特新企业的发展动力和潜力。
加强创新能力和核心竞争力:加大对专精特新企业的研发投入和支持,鼓励专精特新企业进行技术创新、产品创新、模式创新和管理创新,提高专精特新企业的创新能力和核心竞争力,增强专精特新企业的市场适应能力和抗风险能力。
优化发展环境和政策支持:完善专精特新企业的相关法律法规和标准规范,营造专精特新企业的良好发展环境,提供专精特新企业的优惠政策和财税扶持,降低专精特新企业的发展成本和风险,增加专精特新企业的发展收益和动力。
促进合作和协同:加强专精特新企业之间的合作和协同,构建专精特新企业的合作网络和平台,实现专精特新企业的资源共享和优势互补,提升专精特新企业的整体实力和效率。
培养人才和文化:加强专精特新企业的人才培养和引进,提高专精特新企业的人才水平和素质,形成专精特新企业的人才队伍和梯队,培育专精特新企业的企业文化和创新文化,塑造专精特新企业的品牌形象和价值观。
3. Conclusion
专精特新企业是国家经济发展的重要力量,培育专精特新企业是国家创新驱动战略的重要内容。本文从专精特新企业的定义、特征、分类和现状入手,分析了专精特新企业的培育目标和路径,提出了明确定位和发展方向、加强创新能力和核心竞争力、优化发展环境和政策支持、促进合作和协同、培养人才和文化等建议,旨在为专精特新企业的发展提供参考和借鉴。
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