The definition, characteristics, classification and current situation of 1. specialized and special new enterprises.

1. Definition

Specialized and special new enterprises refer to small and medium-sized enterprises with specialization, innovation and leading advantages in a certain field, and are an important force in the country's economic development. The concept of specialized and special new enterprises was first proposed by Japan, called "professional manufacturers" (Monozukuri), which refers to small and medium-sized enterprises characterized by high technology, high high quality and high added value, focusing on a certain market segment and having global competitiveness. Later, the European Union, the United States, South Korea and other countries and regions have also put forward similar concepts, such as "hidden champion" (Hidden Champions), "boutique enterprise" (Niche Firms), "World No.1 enterprise" (World No.1 Enterprises) and so on. In 2016, China put forward the strategy of "specialization and innovation", which defines specialized and special new enterprises as "small and medium-sized enterprises with specialization, innovation and leading advantages in a certain field, and are an important force in national economic development".

2. Characteristics

Specialized new enterprises have the following distinctive characteristics:

Specialization: Specialized new companies focus on a certain market segment, forming their own core technologies and products, meeting the personalized and diversified needs of customers, and increasing their market share and profit margins.

Innovation: specialized and special new enterprises continue to carry out technological innovation, product innovation, mode innovation and management innovation, maintain their own leading edge and competitiveness, and adapt to the changes and challenges of the market.

Leading advantage: Specialized new companies have high visibility and influence in their own fields, and even become global leaders or benchmarks, contributing to the development and progress of the industry.

3. Classification

Specialized new enterprises can be classified according to their field and stage of development, and can generally be divided into the following four categories:

Emerging type: refers to small and medium-sized enterprises with specialization, innovation and leading advantages in emerging fields or emerging markets, such as Internet, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, new energy and other fields.

Growth type: refers to small and medium-sized enterprises with specialization, innovation and leading advantages in traditional fields or mature markets, such as enterprises in machinery, electronics, chemical industry, medicine and other fields.

Transformation type: refers to small and medium-sized enterprises that realize transformation and upgrading through specialization, innovation and leading advantages in the face of market changes or competitive pressure, such as enterprises in the fields of textiles, clothing, furniture, toys and so on.

Challenge type: refers to small and medium-sized enterprises that seek breakthroughs and development through specialization, innovation and leading advantages in the case of technological backwardness or market shrinkage, such as enterprises in the fields of steel, coal, paper, and ceramics.

4. Status quo

The number and proportion of specialized new enterprises in China are not high enough, especially in emerging and high-end fields, the quantity and quality of specialized new enterprises need to be improved. According to 2019 statistics, the number of specialized new enterprises in China is about 100000, accounting for 2.5 per cent of the total number of SMEs, well below Japan's 10 per cent, Germany's 8 per cent and South Korea's 6 per cent. The average scale of specialized and special new enterprises is also small, with an average annual operating income of 0.15 billion yuan, an average annual profit of 0.015 billion yuan, an average annual R & D investment of 0.003 billion yuan, and an average annual patent application volume of 3.5. The development of specialized and special new enterprises is also facing some difficulties and challenges, such as insufficient innovation ability, lack of talents, shortage of funds, difficulties in market development, and insufficient policy support.

The Cultivation Target and Path of 2. Specialized and Special New Enterprises

1. Cultivation objectives

The goal of cultivating specialized and special new enterprises is to improve the quantity and quality of specialized and special new enterprises, enhance the innovation ability and core competitiveness of specialized and special new enterprises, expand the market share and influence of specialized and special new enterprises, promote the transformation, upgrading and sustainable development of specialized and special new enterprises, and provide support and power for the national economic and social development and innovation driven strategy. Specifically, cultivation goals can be set from the following aspects:

Quality objectives: by 2025, the average annual operating income of specialized new enterprises will reach 0.3 billion yuan, the average annual profit will reach 0.03 billion yuan, the average annual R & D investment will reach 0.006 billion yuan, and the average annual patent application volume will reach 7; by 2030, the average annual operating income of specialized new enterprises will reach 0.6 billion yuan, the average annual profit will reach 0.06 billion yuan, the average annual R & D investment will reach 0.012 billion yuan, and the average annual patent application volume will reach 14.

Innovation goal: by 2025, the R & D investment of specialized new enterprises will account for 2% of the operating income, and the proportion of patent applications will account for 10% of the total number of small and medium-sized enterprises; by 2030, the R & D investment of specialized new enterprises will account for 4% of the operating income, and the proportion of patent applications will account for 20% of the total number of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Market target: by 2025, the domestic market share of specialized new enterprises will reach 30% and the international market share will reach 10%; by 2030, the domestic market share of specialized new enterprises will reach 50% and the international market share will reach 20%.

Impact target: by 2025, the popularity and reputation of specialized new enterprises will reach 70%, and the number of industry leaders and benchmarking enterprises will reach 1000; By 2030, the popularity and reputation of specialized new enterprises will reach 90%, and the number of industry leaders and benchmarking enterprises will reach 2000.

2. Cultivation path

The cultivation path of specialized and special new enterprises is to take targeted and effective measures to promote the development and growth of specialized and special new enterprises according to the characteristics and needs of specialized and special new enterprises. Specifically, the cultivation path can be implemented from the following aspects:

Clear positioning and development direction: according to the field and development stage of specialized and special new enterprises, clear the positioning and development direction of specialized and special new enterprises, formulate reasonable development goals and strategic plans, and stimulate the development momentum and potential of specialized and special new enterprises.

Strengthen innovation capabilities and core competitiveness: increase R & D investment and support for specialized and special new enterprises, encourage specialized and special new enterprises to carry out technological innovation, product innovation, model innovation and management innovation, and improve the innovation capabilities of specialized and special new enterprises And core competitiveness, enhance the market adaptability and anti-risk ability of specialized and special new enterprises.

Optimize the development environment and policy support: improve the relevant laws, regulations and standards of specialized and special new enterprises, create a good development environment for specialized and special new enterprises, provide preferential policies and fiscal and tax support for specialized and special new enterprises, reduce the development costs and risks of specialized and special new enterprises, and increase the development income and motivation of specialized and special new enterprises.

Promote cooperation and coordination: strengthen the cooperation and coordination between specialized and special new enterprises, build a cooperation network and platform for specialized and special new enterprises, realize the resource sharing and complementary advantages of specialized and special new enterprises, and enhance the overall strength and efficiency of specialized and special new enterprises.

Cultivate talents and culture: strengthen the training and introduction of talents in specialized and special new enterprises, improve the talent level and quality of specialized and special new enterprises, form a talent team and echelon of specialized and special new enterprises, cultivate the corporate culture and innovation culture of specialized and special new enterprises, and shape the brand image and values of specialized and special new enterprises.

3. Conclusion

Specialized and special new enterprises are an important force in national economic development, and cultivating specialized and special new enterprises is an important part of the national innovation-driven strategy. Starting with the definition, characteristics, classification and current situation of specialized and special new enterprises, this paper analyzes the cultivation goals and paths of specialized and special new enterprises, and puts forward suggestions such as clear positioning and development direction, strengthening innovation ability and core competitiveness, optimizing development environment and policy support, promoting cooperation and coordination, and cultivating talents and culture, aiming to provide reference and reference for the development of specialized and special new enterprises.