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专精特新企业的政策支持：资金、税收、融资等方面的优惠措施

2024-07-18 01:23:20 来源：尚普咨询浏览量：0

一、专精特新企业的概念和特征

专精特新企业是指专注于细分市场、聚焦主业、创新能力强、成长性好的中小企业，是国家实施创新驱动发展战略、推进供给侧结构性改革、培育新动能、提升产业竞争力的重要力量。专精特新企业具有以下特征：

（1）专业化。专精特新企业专注于细分市场，形成了自己的核心竞争力，能够提供高附加值、高技术含量、高质量的产品或服务，满足市场的个性化、多样化、高端化需求。

（2）创新性。专精特新企业具有较强的创新能力和创新意识，不断投入研发，开发新产品、新技术、新工艺、新模式，提高自主创新水平，增强市场竞争优势。

（3）特色化。专精特新企业具有鲜明的特色和品牌，能够打造出具有自身风格、文化、理念的产品或服务，形成了自己的市场定位和消费群体，提升了市场影响力和知名度。

（4）成长性。专精特新企业具有较高的成长性和发展潜力，能够适应市场变化，抓住机遇，扩大规模，提升效益，实现可持续发展。

二、专精特新企业的政策支持内容和实施效果

近年来，国家出台了一系列政策措施，从资金、税收、融资等方面对专精特新企业给予了大力支持，旨在激发其创新活力，促进其高质量发展。主要内容和实施效果如下：

（1）资金支持。国家通过中央财政资金，分三批重点支持1000余家国家级专精特新“小巨人”企业高质量发展，为其提供“点对点”服务，同时引导地方财政加大对“专精特新”中小企业支持力度。此外，国家还通过设立国家中小企业发展基金、中小企业创业创新基金、中小企业发展专项资金等方式，为专精特新企业提供直接或间接的资金支持。据统计，2016-2020年，国家累计安排中央财政资金约300亿元，支持专精特新企业发展，带动地方财政配套资金约600亿元，有效缓解了专精特新企业的资金压力，促进了其创新投入和产业化进程。

（2）税收优惠。国家通过增值税、所得税、营业税等税种，为专精特新企业提供了多项税收优惠政策，如免征增值税、按15%的税率征收所得税、免征营业税等。此外，国家还对专精特新企业的研发费用、技术转让收入、高新技术企业等给予了税收扶持，如研发费用加计扣除、技术转让收入免税、高新技术企业所得税减半等。据统计，2016-2020年，专精特新企业累计享受税收优惠约2000亿元，有效降低了专精特新企业的税负，增强了专精特新企业的盈利能力和发展动力。

（3）融资支持。国家通过完善金融体系、创新金融产品、优化金融服务、加强金融监管等方式，为专精特新企业提供了多渠道、多层次、多形式的融资支持，如推进专精特新企业上市、发行债券、设立专项基金、开展股权融资、发展担保融资、开展信用评级、提供贴息贷款、开展政银企合作等。据统计，2016-2020年，专精特新企业累计获得金融机构贷款约1.5万亿元，专精特新“小巨人”企业累计获得直接融资约5000亿元，有效改善了专精特新企业的融资环境，拓宽了专精特新企业的融资渠道，降低了专精特新企业的融资成本。

三、专精特新企业的政策支持存在的问题和挑战

尽管国家对专精特新企业的政策支持取得了一定的成效，但也存在一些问题和挑战，主要有以下几方面：

（1）政策体系不够完善。目前，专精特新企业的政策支持涉及多个部门、多个层级、多个领域，政策的制定、实施、监督、评估等环节缺乏有效的协调和衔接，导致政策的覆盖面、针对性、适应性、灵活性等方面有待提高，政策的效果和效率有待提升。

（2）政策落实不够到位。一些地方和部门对专精特新企业的政策支持缺乏足够的重视和投入，政策的宣传、培训、指导、服务等方面不够到位，导致专精特新企业的政策认知度、申报率、享受率等方面较低，政策的惠及面、激励作用等方面较弱。

（3）政策效率不够高效。一些地方和部门对专精特新企业的政策支持存在一些重复、冲突、滞后、僵化等问题，政策的制定、审核、执行、评估等环节存在一些繁琐、复杂、低效、不透明等问题，导致专精特新企业的政策申请、审批、发放、监督等方面耗时、耗力、耗费等方面较大，政策的效益和效率较低。

（4）政策协同不够协调。一些地方和部门对专精特新企业的政策支持缺乏有效的沟通、协商、协作、协调机制，政策的制定、实施、监督、评估等环节缺乏有效的信息共享、资源整合、目标一致、责任明确等机制，导致专精特新企业的政策支持存在一些分散、孤立、重叠、缺失等问题，政策的协同效应和综合效果较差。

四、专精特新企业的政策支持的完善建议

针对专精特新企业的政策支持存在的问题和挑战，本文提出以下几点建议：

（1）完善政策体系。建立专精特新企业的政策支持的顶层设计，统筹规划专精特新企业的政策支持的总体目标、基本原则、主要内容、实施路径、评估机制等，形成一个系统、完整、科学、适应的政策体系，提高政策的覆盖面、针对性、适应性、灵活性等。

（2）加强政策落实。加大对专精特新企业的政策支持的宣传、培训、指导、服务等力度，提高专精特新企业的政策认知度、申报率、享受率等，扩大政策的惠及面、激励作用等。同时，加强对专精特新企业的政策支持的监督、检查、问责等，确保政策的落实到位、执行到位、发挥到位。

（3）提高政策效率。优化专精特新企业的政策支持的流程、程序、标准、条件等，简化专精特新企业的政策申请、审批、发放、监督等环节，提高政策的制定、审核、执行、评估等环节的效率和质量，降低专精特新企业的政策申请、审批、发放、监督等方面的耗时、耗力、耗费等，提高政策的效益和效率。

（4）增强政策协同。建立专精特新企业的政策支持的沟通、协商、协作、协调机制，加强各地、各部门、各领域的信息共享、资源整合、目标一致、责任明确等机制，实现专精特新企业的政策支持的制定、实施、监督、评估等环节的协同和联动，避免专精特新企业的政策支持的分散、孤立、重叠、缺失等问题，提高政策的协同效应和综合效果。

Conclusion

专精特新企业是国家实施创新驱动发展战略、推进供给侧结构性改革、培育新动能、提升产业竞争力的重要力量，国家对专精特新企业的政策支持是促进专精特新企业高质量发展的重要手段。本文梳理了专精特新企业的政策支持内容和实施效果，分析了存在的问题和挑战，提出了进一步完善政策体系、加强政策落实、提高政策效率、增强政策协同的建议，希望能够为专精特新企业的政策支持提供一些参考和借鉴，为专精特新企业的高质量发展提供一些支持和保障。

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