Development Status and Significance of Specialized and New Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in 1.

Specialization and innovation refer to small and medium-sized enterprises that focus on a certain link in the industrial chain, focus on the core main business, have strong innovation ability, innovation vitality and anti risk ability, and have the characteristics of specialization, refinement, characteristics and novelty. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are an important part of my country's economic and social development, and they are also a key carrier for implementing innovation-driven development strategies. They have become a solid guarantee for improving the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain supply chain.

Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises showed strong innovation strength and development resilience during the epidemic, taking the lead in resuming work and production, achieving counter-trend growth in the context of blocked industrial chain supply chains, and playing an important role in stabilizing economic operation and safeguarding people's livelihoods.

Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are conducive to enhancing my country's position and voice in the global industrial chain, effectively solving the "stuck neck" problem, and enhancing national strategic security. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises take innovation as their soul, focus on market segments, and emphasize the degree of specialization. Through industrial division of labor and profit stratification, they obtain comparative advantages in the industry field, and have extremely high growth and competitiveness. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises have the ability to grow into global head enterprises in market segments, which will help to make up for my country's shortcomings in key areas and effectively solve the "stuck neck" problem. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are also conducive to promoting the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, enhancing the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain supply chain, improving my country's position and voice in the global industrial chain, and enhancing national strategic security.

Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are conducive to promoting innovation-driven development and enhancing the endogenous power and stamina of economic development. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are the main body of innovation, an important carrier for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and an important driving force for industrial innovation. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises have the advantages of flexibility, agility, trial and error in scientific and technological innovation, can quickly respond to market demand, constantly introduce new products, new technologies and new models, and form new competitive advantages. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises can also form a collaborative innovation force with large enterprises, universities, scientific research institutes, etc., accelerate the industrial application of scientific and technological achievements, and improve the efficiency and efficiency of scientific and technological innovation. Specializing in the innovation activities of special new small and medium-sized enterprises is conducive to promoting innovation-driven development and enhancing the endogenous power and stamina of economic development.

Specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises are conducive to increasing employment and income, improving people's livelihood and social well-being. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are the main channel of employment, the main source of income, and the main guarantee of people's livelihood. In the process of innovation and development, specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises continue to absorb and train all kinds of talents, providing a large number of employment opportunities for the society, especially high-skilled and high-quality jobs. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises not only create economic benefits, but also provide employees with a higher income level, increase residents' wealth and improve residents' consumption ability. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises can also meet the people's growing needs for a better life and improve people's livelihood and social well-being through innovative products and services.

2. the lack of institutional constraints and mechanisms for specialized new SMEs

Although specialized and special new SMEs have played an important role in my country's economic and social development, they also face some institutional constraints and lack of mechanisms, which restrict their long-term sustainable development potential. Mainly in the following aspects:

The (I) science and technology innovation system is not perfect, and the innovation ability needs to be improved. Scientific and technological innovation is the core competitiveness of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for their sustainable development. However, China's scientific and technological innovation system is not perfect enough, there are some problems, such as insufficient investment in basic research, poor connection between applied research and industrialization, low efficiency of transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and imperfect innovation cooperation mechanism, which affect the innovation ability and innovation effect of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises. On the one hand, compared with developed countries, China's investment in basic research is still insufficient, resulting in the limited layout ability of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises in the frontier fields of science and technology, and it is difficult to achieve major breakthroughs in forward-looking originality, which restricts their competitiveness and sustainable development ability in the global high-end and sophisticated fields. On the other hand, China has not yet formed a mature collaborative innovation system integrating industry, university, research and application, and the cooperation mode and benefit distribution mechanism of scientific and technological innovation are not clear, which leads to problems such as idle achievements of scientific research institutions, mismatch of industrial demand, and difficulty in meeting the innovation needs of small and medium-sized enterprises, which affects the innovation efficiency and efficiency of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises.

The (II) business environment is not optimized, and the development space needs to be expanded. The business environment is an external condition for the development of specialized and new SMEs, and it is also an important factor for them to realize their potential. However, there are still some shortcomings in my country's business environment, which are mainly manifested in poor market access, inconvenient administrative approval, heavy tax burden, and inadequate policy support, which affect the development space of specialized and new SMEs. And motivation. On the one hand, my country's market access system is not perfect, and there are some unreasonable thresholds and barriers, which make it difficult for specialized and new SMEs to enter in certain fields and industries, and it is difficult to enjoy the fairness and opportunities of market competition, which restricts The breadth and depth of its development. On the other hand, China's administrative examination and approval system is not simplified enough, there are some repetitive and cumbersome procedures, resulting in specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises in entrepreneurship, production, operation and other aspects of time-consuming, increasing the cost and risk of its operation, affecting the efficiency and effect of its development.

(III) financial services are not perfect, financing problems to be solved. Financial services are an important support for the development of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is also a necessary condition for their realization of scale. However, China's financial service system is not perfect, there are insufficient supply, unreasonable structure, high cost, low efficiency and other problems, resulting in specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises financing needs are difficult to be effectively met, affecting the speed and quality of its development. On the one hand, the total amount of financial supply in China is insufficient and the allocation of financial resources is unreasonable, which leads to the dilemma of "insufficient quantity and low quality" in financing of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, which makes it difficult to obtain sufficient financial support and achieve rapid development. On the other hand, the cost of financial services in China is high and the efficiency of financial services is not high, which leads to the problem of "high cost and low efficiency" in financing for specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, which makes it difficult to obtain preferential financing conditions and achieve efficient development.

(IV) collaborative innovation mechanism is not perfect, innovation resources need to be integrated. Collaborative innovation is an important way for the development of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is also an effective means to enhance their competitiveness. However, China's collaborative innovation mechanism is not sound enough, there are some problems, such as the main body of collaborative innovation is not clear, the platform of collaborative innovation is not perfect, the incentive of collaborative innovation is not sufficient, the risk of collaborative innovation is not shared, which affects the collaborative innovation ability and level of specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises. On the one hand, the subject of collaborative innovation in China is not clear enough, and the responsibility of collaborative innovation is not clear enough, which makes it difficult for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises to find suitable partners and form effective cooperative relations in the process of collaborative innovation. it restricts the breadth and depth of its collaborative innovation. On the other hand, my country's collaborative innovation platform is not perfect enough, and collaborative innovation resources are not integrated enough, which makes it difficult for specialized and new SMEs to obtain effective information and resources in the process of collaborative innovation, and it is difficult to achieve complementary advantages and win-win development. The efficiency and effect of its collaborative innovation.

Proposals for institutional innovation in 3. specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises

In order to promote the high-quality development of specialized and new SMEs and enhance their status and role in the new development pattern, it is necessary to put forward the following institutional innovation proposals from the perspective of institutional innovation in view of the institutional constraints and lack of mechanisms they face:

(I) strengthen the construction of the scientific and technological innovation system and improve the ability and level of innovation. Scientific and technological innovation is the lifeline of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is also the magic weapon to win the market. To strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation system and improve the innovation ability and level, we can start from the following aspects:

-Increase investment in basic research and improve the ability of original innovation. It is necessary to increase investment in basic research, encourage specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in basic research projects, improve their layout ability in the frontier fields of science and technology, and enhance their original innovation ability. It is necessary to improve the evaluation system of basic research, attach importance to the long-term, exploratory and uncertain nature of basic research, and not rigidly adhere to short-term economic benefits, but pay attention to the accumulation and innovation of scientific knowledge. to provide a solid foundation for the innovative development of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises.

-Optimize the connection between applied research and industrialization, and improve the ability of transformative innovation. It is necessary to optimize the linkage mechanism between applied research and industrialization, strengthen cooperation between scientific research institutions and specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the rapid transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and improve the ability of transformative innovation. It is necessary to improve the incentive mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, encourage scientific researchers and specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises to share the benefits and risks of scientific and technological achievements, stimulate their enthusiasm and initiative in transformation and innovation, and provide effective support for the innovation and development of specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises.

-Establish a platform and mechanism for collaborative innovation and improve collaborative innovation capabilities. It is necessary to establish a platform and mechanism for collaborative innovation, promote the formation of effective collaborative innovation relationships between specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises, universities, and scientific research institutes, so as to achieve complementary advantages and win-win development, and improve collaborative innovation capabilities. It is necessary to improve the collaborative mode and benefit distribution mechanism of collaborative innovation, clarify the responsibilities and rights and interests of all parties, establish a reasonable risk-sharing and benefit-sharing mechanism, stimulate the motivation and vitality of collaborative innovation of all parties, and provide a good environment for the innovation and development of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises.

(II) optimize the business environment and expand the development space and power. The business environment is an external condition for the development of specialized and new SMEs, and it is also an important factor for them to realize their potential. To optimize the business environment and expand the development space and motivation, we can start from the following aspects:

-Simplify the market access system and improve fairness and opportunities for market competition. It is necessary to simplify the market access system, abolish or relax some unreasonable market access thresholds and barriers, provide more market opportunities for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the fairness and opportunities of their market competition. It is necessary to improve the market supervision system, strengthen the supervision and guidance of market subjects, crack down on unfair competition, maintain market order, provide a better market environment for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the efficiency and effect of market competition.

-- Simplifying the administrative examination and approval system and improving administrative efficiency and convenience. It is necessary to simplify the administrative examination and approval system, cancel or merge some repetitive and cumbersome administrative examination and approval procedures, provide more administrative convenience for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve their administrative efficiency and convenience. It is necessary to improve the administrative service system, strengthen the service and support for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the quality and level of administrative services, provide better administrative services for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the satisfaction and trust of their administrative services.

-Reduce the tax burden and improve tax incentives and support. It is necessary to reduce the tax burden, reduce or delay some taxes and fees that are unfavorable to specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, provide more tax concessions for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and increase their tax incentives and support. It is necessary to improve the tax policy, strengthen the tax incentive and guidance for specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the adaptability and pertinence of tax policy, provide better tax policy for specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the effect and impact of tax policy.

-Strengthen policy support and improve policy stability and predictability. It is necessary to strengthen policy support, formulate or improve some policies and measures that are conducive to the development of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, provide more policy support for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the stability and predictability of their policies. It is necessary to improve policy implementation, strengthen policy publicity and interpretation of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the openness and transparency of policy implementation, provide better policy implementation for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the efficiency and credibility of their policy implementation.

(III) improve the financial service system and solve financing problems and pain points. Financial services are an important support for the development of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is also a necessary condition for their realization of scale. To improve the financial service system and solve the financing problems and pain points, we can start from the following aspects:

-Increase the total amount of financial supply and improve the efficiency of the allocation of financial resources. It is necessary to increase the total amount of financial supply, expand financial support for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, provide more financial resources for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the efficiency of the allocation of financial resources. It is necessary to improve the mechanism of financial resource allocation, strengthen the credit evaluation and risk management of specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the accuracy and effectiveness of financial resource allocation, provide better financial resource allocation for specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve The effect and impact of its financial resource allocation.

-Reduce the cost of financial services and improve the quality and level of financial services. It is necessary to reduce the cost of financial services, reduce or discount some financial fees that are unfavorable to specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, provide more financial concessions for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the quality and level of their financial services. It is necessary to improve the mechanism of financial services, strengthen financial training and guidance for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the professionalism and pertinence of financial services, and provide better financial services for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. improve the satisfaction and trust of their financial services.

-Diversifying financial service channels and improving the coverage and selectivity of financial services. It is necessary to diversify financial service channels, develop a multi-level financial market, provide more financial options for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the coverage and selectivity of their financial services. It is necessary to improve the supervision of financial services, strengthen the regulation and supervision of various financial institutions and financial products, improve the safety and reliability of financial services, provide better financial services for specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the effectiveness and impact of their financial services.

(IV) platforms and mechanisms to promote collaborative innovation and integrate innovative resources and forces. Collaborative innovation is an important way for the development of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is also an effective means to enhance their competitiveness. To promote the platform and mechanism of collaborative innovation and integrate innovation resources and strength, we can start from the following aspects:

-Clarify the subjects and responsibilities of collaborative innovation and improve the breadth and depth of collaborative innovation. It is necessary to clarify the subject and responsibility of collaborative innovation, clarify the status and role of specialized new SMEs in collaborative innovation, provide more collaborative innovation opportunities for specialized new SMEs, and improve the breadth and depth of their collaborative innovation. It is necessary to improve the responsibility mechanism of collaborative innovation, clarify the responsibilities and obligations of all parties in collaborative innovation, establish a reasonable responsibility sharing and assessment mechanism, provide better collaborative innovation responsibilities for specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the efficiency and efficiency of collaborative innovation. effect.

-Improve the platform and resources for collaborative innovation and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of collaborative innovation. It is necessary to improve the platforms and resources for collaborative innovation, establish or improve some platforms and institutions that are conducive to the collaborative innovation of specialized and special new SMEs, provide more collaborative innovation resources for specialized and special new SMEs, and improve the efficiency and efficiency of their collaborative innovation. effect. It is necessary to improve the resource mechanism of collaborative innovation, strengthen the support and guidance of collaborative innovation platforms and institutions, improve the integration and utilization of collaborative innovation resources, provide better collaborative innovation resources for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the effect of collaborative innovation. And influence.

-Establish incentive and risk mechanisms for collaborative innovation to increase the momentum and vitality of collaborative innovation. It is necessary to establish an incentive and risk mechanism for collaborative innovation, formulate or improve some incentive and risk measures that are conducive to the collaborative innovation of specialized and new SMEs, provide more collaborative innovation incentives for specialized and new SMEs, and improve their collaborative innovation. Power and vitality. It is necessary to improve the incentive mechanism for collaborative innovation, encourage specialized new SMEs to share the benefits and honors of collaborative innovation with other innovation entities, stimulate their enthusiasm and initiative in collaborative innovation, and provide better collaborative innovation incentives for specialized new SMEs, Improve the effect and impact of collaborative innovation. It is necessary to improve the risk mechanism of collaborative innovation, encourage specialized new SMEs to share the risks and losses of collaborative innovation with other innovation entities, stimulate their courage and confidence in collaborative innovation, and provide better collaborative innovation risks for specialized new SMEs. Improve the effect and impact of its collaborative innovation.