1. policy background

Specialized and special new refers to small and medium-sized enterprises that focus on a certain link in the industrial chain, focus on the core main business, have strong innovation ability, innovation vitality and anti risk ability, and have the characteristics of specialization, refinement, characteristics and novelty. It is not only the key cultivation object supported by the state, but also an important force to promote high-quality economic development. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are playing an increasingly important role in my country's economic and social development, mainly in the following aspects:

(1) Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are mostly concentrated in high-tech, high value-added, and high-growth segments, which can effectively fill the gaps in the industrial chain, improve the integrity and stability of the industrial chain, and enhance the international competitiveness of the industrial chain. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises can also drive the industry to the middle and high end through innovation, form new competitive advantages, and enhance the added value and efficiency of the industry.

(2) Enhance the ability and level of scientific and technological innovation. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises take innovation as their soul, pay attention to technology research and development and achievement transformation, have strong independent innovation ability and rapid response ability, can timely grasp the opportunities of market demand and technological change, develop new products, new technologies and new formats with market potential, and provide continuous innovation power for economic and social development.

(3) Promote employment and social stability. There are a large number of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises with flexible scale, which can effectively absorb all kinds of talents in the society, especially those with high skills and high quality, provide broad employment space for the society, promote the rational flow and allocation of talents, improve the social value and personal income of talents, enhance the people's sense of gain and happiness, and maintain social harmony and stability.

(4) Promote coordinated regional development and green development. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are widely distributed, which can make full use of the resource endowments and regional advantages of various regions to form distinctive industrial clusters, promote regional economic development, narrow regional development gaps, and achieve coordinated regional development. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises also pay attention to energy conservation and emission reduction, adopt advanced production technology and equipment, improve resource utilization efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, promote green development, and contribute to the construction of ecological civilization.

At present, China has turned to the stage of high-quality development, we must firmly grasp the "bull nose" of scientific and technological innovation, vigorously develop specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, give full play to its role of reinforcing the chain and strengthening the chain, inject a steady stream of new impetus into the construction of a new development pattern, and promote high-quality economic development. In recent years, the state has issued a series of policies and measures aimed at increasing the support for specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, optimizing their development environment, stimulating their innovation vitality, and enhancing their competitiveness. In the following, we will analyze the new policy from the aspects of policy content and policy effect.

2. policy content

The state's policy support for specialized and new SMEs mainly covers the following aspects:

(1) Increase fiscal and financial support. Through the central financial funds, the state supports the high-quality development of more than 1000 state-level specialized and new "little giant" enterprises in three batches, and each enterprise can receive up to 5 million yuan of award and subsidy funds. it is used to increase investment in innovation, promote digital intelligent transformation, improve quality and brand, and so on. Through special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the state also supports some national (or provincial) public service demonstration platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises to provide specialized and new "little giant" enterprises with services such as technological innovation, listing guidance, transformation and application of innovative achievements, digital and intelligent transformation, intellectual property application, cloud use and industrial design. In addition, the state has also introduced a series of policies to reduce taxes and fees, optimize financial services, increase financing guarantee coverage, and reduce financing costs to provide more financial support for specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises.

(2) Improve the gradient cultivation system and evaluation mechanism. The state has established a gradient cultivation system for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, including four levels: innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, provincial-level specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, specialized and new "little giant" enterprises and manufacturing single champion enterprises. it has formed a cultivation standard from low to high and from lenient to strict, which provides a clear development direction and goal for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. The state has also improved the evaluation mechanism of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, established an evaluation system with innovation ability, specialization level, market competitiveness and growth as the main indicators, implemented dynamic management, and carried out regular performance appraisal to ensure the quality and efficiency of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises.

(3) Optimize the environment and service system for innovation and development.

By strengthening the formulation and improvement of laws, regulations and standards, the state has created an innovative development environment of fair competition and legal protection for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. The state has also established and improved the public service system for small and medium-sized enterprises to provide a series of innovative services for specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, including technological innovation, talent training, intellectual property protection, market development, international cooperation, etc., to help specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises Solve the difficulties and problems in development and improve their innovation capabilities and levels.

(4) Strengthen demonstration and promotion. The state organizes activities such as the innovation and development competition of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, the exhibition and exchange meeting of innovation achievements of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and the innovation and development forum of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, so as to display the innovation achievements and experience of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and encourage specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises to constantly pursue excellence and improve their social influence and popularity. The state also widely publicizes the innovation stories and typical cases of specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises through the media platform, creates a good innovation atmosphere, and enhances the self-confidence and sense of honor of specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises.

3. policy effect

The state's policy support for specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises has achieved remarkable results, mainly in the following aspects:

(1) The number and quality of specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises have been significantly improved. By the end of 2023, there were nearly 100000 specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises in China, including more than 1000 national specialized and special new "little giant" enterprises and more than 500 manufacturing single champion enterprises. The number and proportion of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are increasing, becoming an important part of small and medium-sized enterprises. The quality and efficiency of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises have also been significantly improved. The main economic indicators such as average operating income, profit, taxation, and R & D investment are higher than those of ordinary small and medium-sized enterprises. The comprehensive evaluation indicators such as innovation ability, specialization level, market competitiveness, and growth are also significantly better than ordinary small and medium-sized enterprises, and the development quality and level of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are continuously improved.

(2) The innovation vitality and motivation of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises have been significantly enhanced. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises have continuously introduced new products, new technologies, and new formats with market potential and social value by increasing investment in innovation, strengthening technological research and development and transformation of results, and providing a steady stream of innovation power for economic and social development. The innovation vitality and motivation of specialized and special new SMEs have also been effectively stimulated. The innovation awareness, innovation confidence, innovation ability, and innovation effect of specialized and special new SMEs have been significantly improved. The innovation activity and innovation contribution are increasing.

(3) The development environment and service system of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises have been significantly optimized. By enjoying the national fiscal, taxation and financial policy support, specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises have effectively solved the problems of shortage of funds, financing difficulties, and expensive financing, and provided sufficient financial guarantee for the innovative development of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises. Specialized and special new SMEs have effectively improved the development level and development goals of specialized and special new SMEs by participating in national gradient cultivation and demonstration and leadership activities, and provided a clear direction and direction for the innovative development of specialized and special new SMEs. goal. Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises by enjoying the system guarantee of national laws, regulations and standards, and provide a fair environment and conditions for the innovation and development of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises. By enjoying the country's innovative services such as public services for small and medium-sized enterprises, specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises have effectively solved the difficulties and problems in technological innovation, personnel training, intellectual property protection, market development, international cooperation, and so on. it provides comprehensive services and support for the innovative development of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises.

4. policy recommendations

Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are the key cultivation objects supported by the state, and they are also an important force to promote high-quality economic development. The state's policy support for specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises has provided strong guarantee and support for the innovative development of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and has achieved remarkable results. However, the innovative development of specialized and special new SMEs is still facing some challenges and problems. It is necessary to further improve and optimize policies and measures to create better conditions and environment for the innovative development of specialized and special new SMEs. According to the actual situation and needs of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, we put forward the following policy suggestions:

(1) Further increase fiscal, taxation and financial support, and improve the level of financial security for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. On the one hand, by increasing the investment of central financial funds, we can expand the scale and scope of reward and subsidy funds for specialized and new "little giant" enterprises, increase innovation awards and subsidies for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and encourage specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises to increase investment in innovation and improve innovation efficiency. On the other hand, by improving the system and mechanism of financial services, we can increase the supply and quality of financial services for specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, reduce the threshold and cost of financial services for specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the coverage and satisfaction of financial services for specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises.

(2) Further improve the gradient cultivation system and evaluation mechanism, and improve the quality and level of cultivation of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. On the one hand, we can improve the gradient cultivation standards and processes of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, clarify the cultivation objectives and requirements of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, standardize the cultivation procedures and methods of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the cultivation efficiency and effect of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises. On the other hand, we can improve the evaluation mechanism and methods of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, clarify the evaluation indicators and weights of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, standardize the evaluation process and methods of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the evaluation quality and level of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises.

(3) Further optimize the innovation and development environment and service system, and improve the innovation ability and level of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. On the one hand, by strengthening the formulation and implementation of laws, regulations and standards, we can create a more fair, transparent and standardized innovation and development environment for specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, protect the legitimate rights and interests of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the standardization, standardization and legalization of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. On the other hand, by improving the construction and operation of the public service system for small and medium-sized enterprises, we can provide more diverse, efficient and convenient innovative services for specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, meet the personalized, diversified and differentiated innovation needs of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the improvement of the innovation ability and level of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises.

(4) Further strengthen demonstration, guidance, publicity and promotion, and improve the social influence and popularity of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. On the one hand, by holding more innovation activities and competitions of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, we can show more innovative achievements and experiences of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises, encourage more specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises to continue to pursue excellence, and improve the exemplary and leading role and industry status of specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. On the other hand, through the use of more media platforms and channels, we can publicize more innovative stories and typical cases of specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, enhance the self-confidence and sense of honor of more specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the social influence and popularity of specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises.

In short, specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises are the key cultivation objects supported by the state, and they are also an important force to promote high-quality economic development. The state's policy support for specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises has provided strong guarantee and support for the innovative development of specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and has achieved remarkable results. However, the innovative development of specialized and special new SMEs is still facing some challenges and problems. It is necessary to further improve and optimize policies and measures to create better conditions and environment for the innovative development of specialized and special new SMEs. We hope that through the policy analysis and policy recommendations in this paper, we can provide some reference and reference for the innovation and development of specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises. We also expect specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises to seize opportunities, meet challenges, innovate and develop continuously, and make greater contributions to economic and social development.