The concept and characteristics of specialized new enterprises.

Specialized and special new enterprises refer to small and medium-sized enterprises with outstanding main business, strong professional capabilities, strong R & D and innovation capabilities, and development potential. They are mainly concentrated in the new generation of information technology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials, biomedicine, etc. High-end industry field. The characteristics of specialized and special new enterprises can be summarized as "four new", that is, specialization, refinement, characteristics and novelty.

Specialization means that specialized and special new enterprises have strong professional ability and market share in market segments, and can provide high-quality, high value-added products or services to meet the individual needs of customers. Specialized enterprises are often able to form core competitiveness, resist market risks, and achieve sustainable development.

Refinement refers to the special new enterprises in the production and operation process pay attention to details, the pursuit of excellence, and constantly improve product quality and management level. Refined enterprises can often reduce costs, improve efficiency and enhance market competitiveness.

Specialization means that specialized and special new enterprises have distinctive characteristics in products or services, which can differentiate from other enterprises in the same industry and create brand image. The characteristics of the enterprise is often able to attract and retain customers, improve market share, increase profit margins.

Novelty means that specialized and special new enterprises have strong innovation ability and vitality in technological innovation, product innovation, mode innovation, etc., and can constantly introduce new products or services to meet the changes and needs of the market. Innovative enterprises are often able to seize market opportunities, lead the development of the industry, and create greater social value.

Application conditions and accreditation process for specialized new enterprises

The application conditions and accreditation process for specialized new enterprises are managed at the national and local levels. At the national level, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is responsible for formulating the identification standards and management methods for specialized new enterprises, and at the local level, the provincial-level SME authorities are responsible for organizing and implementing the declaration, review, publicity, and filing of specialized new enterprises.

According to the Interim Measures for the administration of gradient cultivation of high-quality small and medium-sized enterprises, specialized and special new enterprises can be divided into three levels: innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises and specialized and special new "little giant" enterprises. The application conditions for each level are as follows:

Innovative small and medium-sized enterprises: small and medium-sized enterprises that meet the provisions of the Classification Standards for small and medium-sized Enterprises, and meet one of the following conditions:(1) in the past three years, the proportion of R & D expenditure in the main business income has reached more than 1.5 times the industry average;(2) in the past three years, the number of effective invention patents has reached more than 1.5 times the industry average;(3) in the past three years, new product (service) revenue accounted for the proportion of the main business income reached more than 1.5 times the industry average.

Specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises: small and medium-sized enterprises that meet the regulations on the classification standards for small and medium-sized enterprises, and meet one of the following conditions:(1) in the past three years, the proportion of R & D expenditure in the main business income has reached more than twice the industry average;(2) in the past three years, the number of effective invention patents has reached more than twice the industry average;(3) in the past three years, new product (service) revenue accounted for the proportion of the main business income reached more than 2 times the industry average.

Specialized and special new "little giant" enterprises: small and medium-sized enterprises that meet the requirements of the Standard for the classification of small and medium-sized Enterprises, and meet the following conditions:(1) in the past three years, the proportion of R & D expenditure in the main business income has reached more than three times the industry average;(2) in the past three years, the number of effective invention patents has reached more than three times the industry average;(3) in the past three years, the proportion of new product (service) income in the main business income has reached more than 3 times the industry average;(4) in the past three years, the growth rate of main business income has reached more than twice the industry average;(5) in the past three years, the profit margin of main business income has reached more than 1.5 times the industry average;(6) in the past three years, the market share of main business income in its market segment has reached the top three.

The process for identifying specialized new enterprises is as follows:

The first step, the enterprise voluntary declaration. Eligible small and medium-sized enterprises can fill in the application form online through the specialized new enterprise information management system, and submit relevant supporting materials, such as business license, financial statement, R & D expenditure details, patent certificate, new product (service) income details, etc.

The second step, local audit publicity. The competent department of small and medium-sized enterprises at the provincial level shall, in conjunction with the financial department, conduct a preliminary examination of the declared enterprises, and the list of enterprises that have passed the preliminary examination shall be publicized for a period of 10 working days and shall be subject to social supervision. The list of enterprises with no objection shall be submitted to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

The third step, the national record recognition. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology conducts a compliance review of the submitted list of enterprises, and the enterprises that have passed the review shall be filed, and the filing results shall be announced in the specialized and special new enterprise information management system, and the specialized and special new enterprise certificate shall be issued.

Evaluation criteria for specialized and special new enterprisesand award funds

The evaluation criteria for specialized new enterprises are formulated at the national and local levels. At the national level, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is responsible for formulating the evaluation index system and evaluation methods for specialized new enterprises, and at the local level, the provincial department in charge of small and medium-sized enterprises is responsible for organizing and implementing the evaluation of specialized new enterprises.

According to the Evaluation Index System for Specialized New Enterprises, the evaluation index system for specialized new enterprises includes the following four aspects:

(1) Level of specialization. It mainly examines the performance of the company in terms of market share, brand awareness, and customer satisfaction in its market segment.

(2) The level of refinement. It mainly examines the performance of enterprises in production management, quality management, cost control, efficiency improvement and so on.

(3) the level of characteristics. It mainly examines the performance of enterprises in product (service) innovation, differentiation and personalization.

(4) the level of novelty. It mainly examines the performance of enterprises in technological innovation, mode innovation and market innovation.

The evaluation method of specialized new enterprises is the comprehensive evaluation method, that is, according to the evaluation index system, the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the specialized new enterprises are scored and sorted, and the evaluation results and grades are formed.

The funds for the award of specialized new enterprises are provided at the national and local levels. At the national level, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is responsible for formulating the management measures for the award and subsidy funds for specialized new enterprises, and at the local level, the provincial department in charge of small and medium-sized enterprises is responsible for organizing and implementing the award and subsidy funds for specialized new enterprises.

According to the Measures for the Administration of Reward and Supplementary Funds for Specialized New Enterprises, the reward and supplementary funds for specialized new enterprises mainly include the following three aspects:

(1) Specialized special new enterprise recognition award. For small and medium-sized enterprises that are recognized as specialized and special new enterprises for the first time, a one-time reward will be given according to the standard of 50000 yuan per enterprise.

(2) Specialized special new enterprise evaluation awards. For small and medium-sized enterprises that are evaluated as specialized and special new enterprises, different amounts of rewards will be given according to the evaluation level.

(3) Specialized in new enterprise development support. Subsidies shall be given to the expenditures of specialized and special new enterprises in R & D and innovation, brand building, market development, personnel training, financing guarantee, etc., according to a certain proportion, and the specific proportion shall be determined by the local government according to the actual situation.

Advantages and Challenges of Specialized New Enterprises

As a leader in small and medium-sized enterprises, specialized and special new enterprises have the following advantages:

(1) Policy advantages. Specialized and special new enterprises can enjoy a number of national and local preferential policies, such as tax relief, financial discount, government procurement, science and technology projects, innovation funds, etc., to reduce operating costs and improve capital efficiency.

(2) Market advantage. Specialized and special new enterprises can meet the diversified and personalized needs of customers, enhance customer loyalty and stickiness, expand market share and enhance market competitiveness by virtue of specialized, refined, characteristic and novel products or services.

(3) Innovation advantages. Specialized and special new enterprises can rely on strong R & D and innovation capabilities to continuously introduce new technologies, products, and models, adapt to market changes and needs, seize market opportunities, lead the development of the industry, and create greater social value.

(4) Development advantages. Specialized and special new enterprises can use the national and local gradient cultivation mechanism to achieve high-quality development from innovative small and medium-sized enterprises to specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and then to specialized and special new "little giant" enterprises.

Specialized new enterprises also face the following challenges in the development process:

(1) Lack of innovation capacity. Although specialized and special new enterprises have strong innovation capabilities, they still have a certain gap with the international advanced level, especially in terms of original innovation, core technology, and key components. They need to strengthen independent innovation and improve the quality and quality of innovation. efficiency.

(2) Difficult financing is expensive. Although specialized and special new enterprises can enjoy some financial support, they still face the problem of difficult and expensive financing, especially under the influence of the epidemic, the tightening of bank credit and the high cost of private borrowing, affecting the capital flow and investment expansion of enterprises.

(3) The business environment needs to be improved. Although specialized and special new enterprises can enjoy certain policy support, they still face some institutional and non-institutional obstacles, such as administrative examination and approval, market access, intellectual property protection, fair competition and other aspects that need to be improved, affecting the development space and potential of enterprises.

Suggestions and countermeasures for specialized and special new enterprises

In view of the advantages and challenges of specialized new enterprises, this paper puts forward the following suggestions and countermeasures:

(1) Strengthen innovation capacity. Specialized and special new enterprises should adhere to innovation as the first driving force, increase R & D investment, improve R & D level, break through core technology, and form core competitiveness. At the same time, specialized and special new enterprises should also strengthen cooperation with universities, scientific research institutes, industry associations and other external innovation subjects, make use of the resources and advantages of all parties, build an open innovation system, and achieve win-win and sharing of innovation.

(2) Expand financing channels. Specialized and special new enterprises should make full use of national and local financial support policies and actively apply for financial services such as loans, interest discounts, and guarantees to reduce financing costs and increase financing efficiency. At the same time, specialized and special new enterprises should also actively explore diversified financing methods, such as equity, equity crowdfunding, angel investment, venture capital, etc., to broaden financing channels and increase financing options.

(3) Improving the business environment. Specialized and special new enterprises should actively participate in the communication and consultation between the government and society, reflect their own needs and difficulties, and strive for more policy support and service guarantee. At the same time, specialized and special new enterprises should also abide by laws and regulations, operate in good faith, safeguard their own legitimate rights and interests, and promote the healthy development of the industry.

Summary

Specialized and special new enterprises are innovative small and medium-sized enterprises supported by the state, which have the characteristics of specialization, refinement, characteristics and novelty, which can enhance the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain supply chain. enjoy tax incentives, financial support, policy support and other preferential policies. The application conditions, identification process, evaluation standards, award and compensation funds of specialized new enterprises are managed at the national and local levels. Specialized and special new enterprises also face challenges such as insufficient innovation capabilities, difficult financing and expensive financing, and business environment to be improved in the development process. They need to strengthen innovation capabilities, expand financing channels, and improve the business environment.