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专精特新企业的梯度培育：从省级到国家级的标准与措施

2024-07-18 01:23:31 来源：尚普咨询浏览量：0

一、专精特新企业的梯度培育的必要性

专精特新企业是指在产品、技术、管理、模式等方面创新能力强、专注细分市场、成长性好的中小企业，是提升产业链供应链稳定性和竞争力的基础力量。专精特新企业具有以下特点：

- 创新能力强。专精特新企业通常具有较高的研发投入比例、研发人员比例、自主知识产权数量和质量等创新指标，能够不断推出具有自主知识产权的新产品、新技术、新工艺，形成核心竞争力。

- 专注细分市场。专精特新企业通常专注于某一细分市场，深耕专业领域，形成细分市场的领先优势，满足客户的个性化需求，提高客户的忠诚度和满意度。

- 成长性好。专精特新企业通常具有较高的主营业务收入增长率、利润增长率、市场占有率等成长指标，能够快速适应市场变化，抓住发展机遇，实现持续健康发展。

专精特新企业的培育发展，对于推动我国经济高质量发展，具有重要的战略意义。一方面，专精特新企业是创新驱动发展的重要主体，能够为我国产业转型升级、科技创新、自主可控提供有力支撑。另一方面，专精特新企业是产业链供应链的重要组成部分，能够为我国产业链供应链的稳定性和竞争力提供有力保障。

专精特新企业的培育发展，需要采取梯度化的方式，根据企业的不同发展阶段，制定不同的培育目标、路径和机制，实现优质企业的分层次、分阶段的培育。梯度培育的目的，是为了引导企业不断增强综合实力和核心竞争力，逐步迈向国内国际知名企业。梯度培育的方式，是通过制定公平公正的评价与认定程序，建立优质企业动态管理和培育扶持工作机制，实现优质企业的有序流动和优胜劣汰。梯度培育的效果，是通过提供差异化的政策支持和服务保障，激发优质企业的创新活力和发展动力，实现优质企业的快速成长和优化升级。

二、专精特新企业的梯度培育的目标、路径和机制

根据《优质中小企业梯度培育管理暂行办法》，专精特新企业的梯度培育，分为创新型中小企业、“专精特新”中小企业、专精特新“小巨人”企业三个层次，分别对应不同的培育目标、路径和机制。

- 创新型中小企业，是指在产品、技术、管理、模式等方面具备一定创新能力，有较好的成长性，但尚未形成明显的专业化优势的中小企业。创新型中小企业的培育目标，是引导企业加大创新投入，提高创新产出，培育企业的创新基础和创新潜力。创新型中小企业的培育路径，是通过评价企业的研发经费投入、研发人员投入、自主知识产权拥有情况等创新指标，认定企业的创新能力水平。创新型中小企业的培育机制，是通过提供创新资金补贴、创新人才培养、创新平台建设、创新成果转化等创新支持措施，激励企业加强创新活动，提升创新效果。

- “专精特新”中小企业，是指在产品、技术、管理、模式等方面具备较强创新能力，专注于某一细分市场，有较高的市场占有率，有较好的成长性，但尚未达到国家级标准的中小企业。“专精特新”中小企业的培育目标，是引导企业深耕细分市场，提高专业化水平，培育企业的专业化优势和专业化潜力。“专精特新”中小企业的培育路径，是通过评价企业的主营业务收入增长率、主导产品市场占有率、主导产品所属领域、为重点龙头企业提供配套产品和服务等专业化指标，认定企业的专业化能力水平。“专精特新”中小企业的培育机制，是通过提供专业化培训、专业化咨询、专业化展示、专业化对接等专业化服务措施，激励企业加强专业化建设，提升专业化效益。

专精特新“小巨人”企业，是指在产品、技术、管理、模式等方面具备突出创新能力，专注于某一细分市场，有较高的市场占有率，有较强的成长性，达到国家级标准的中小企业。专精特新“小巨人”企业的培育目标，是引导企业打造国内国际知名品牌，提高国际化水平，培育企业的国际化优势和国际化潜力。专精特新“小巨人”企业的培育路径，是通过评价企业的主营业务收入、主导产品市场占有率、主导产品所属领域、为重点龙头企业提供配套产品和服务、国际市场开拓情况等国际化指标，认定企业的国际化能力水平。专精特新“小巨人”企业的培育机制，是通过提供国际化培训、国际化咨询、国际化展示、国际化对接、国际化合作等国际化支持措施，激励企业加强国际化发展，提升国际化竞争力。

三、从省级到国家级的标准与措施

专精特新企业的梯度培育，需要从省级到国家级形成一个完整的标准体系和措施体系，实现优质企业的有序流动和优化升级。从省级到国家级的标准与措施，主要包括以下几个方面：

建立统一的标准体系。根据《优质中小企业梯度培育管理暂行办法》，国家级标准由工业和信息化部制定，省级标准由各省级工业和信息化主管部门制定，但不得低于国家级标准的50%。各省级工业和信息化主管部门应根据本地区的产业发展特点和优质企业的实际情况，制定适合本地区的省级标准，形成一个统一的标准体系，保证优质企业的质量和水平。

建立动态的管理体系。根据《优质中小企业梯度培育管理暂行办法》，国家级管理由工业和信息化部负责，省级管理由各省级工业和信息化主管部门负责，实行动态管理。各级工业和信息化主管部门应建立优质企业的动态管理数据库，定期对优质企业进行监测、评估、调整，实现优质企业的有序流动和优化升级。对于不符合标准或者发展滞后的优质企业，应及时取消其优质企业的认定资格，给予退出机制。对于符合标准或者发展突出的优质企业，应及时提升其优质企业的认定层次，给予晋升机制。

建立差异化的措施体系。根据《优质中小企业梯度培育管理暂行办法》，国家级措施由工业和信息化部制定，省级措施由各省级工业和信息化主管部门制定，实行差异化支持。各级工业和信息化主管部门应根据不同层次的优质企业的不同需求，制定不同的措施体系，提供不同的支持内容和支持力度，实现优质企业的快速成长和优化升级。对于创新型中小企业，应重点提供创新支持措施，如创新资金补贴、创新人才培养、创新平台建设、创新成果转化等。对于“专精特新”中小企业，应重点提供专业化服务措施，如专业化培训、专业化咨询、专业化展示、专业化对接等。对于专精特新“小巨人”企业，应重点提供国际化支持措施，如国际化培训、国际化咨询、国际化展示、国际化对接、国际化合作等。

四、加快培育发展专精特新企业的建议和对策

为了加快培育发展专精特新企业，提升产业链供应链的稳定性和竞争力，推动经济高质量发展，本文提出以下建议和对策：

加强顶层设计，完善政策体系。要加强对专精特新企业的梯度培育的顶层设计，制定专精特新企业的梯度培育的总体规划和实施方案，明确专精特新企业的梯度培育的目标、任务、路径、机制、措施等，形成一个完善的政策体系，为专精特新企业的梯度培育提供有力的政策保障。

加大资源投入，提高服务水平。要加大对专精特新企业的梯度培育的资源投入，增加专精特新企业的梯度培育的专项资金、专业人才、专业机构等，提高专精特新企业的梯度培育的服务水平，为专精特新企业的梯度培育提供高效的服务保障。

加强协同配合，形成合力。要加强对专精特新企业的梯度培育的协同配合，建立专精特新企业的梯度培育的工作协调机制，加强各级工业和信息化主管部门、各相关部门、各相关机构、各相关企业的沟通协作，形成专精特新企业的梯度培育的合力，为专精特新企业的梯度培育提供强劲的合作保障。

加强监督评估，提高效果。要加强对专精特新企业的梯度培育的监督评估，建立专精特新企业的梯度培育的考核评价机制，加强对专精特新企业的梯度培育的过程监督、结果评估、问题反馈、改进落实等，提高专精特新企业的梯度培育的效果，为专精特新企业的梯度培育提供科学的评价保障。

Conclusion

专精特新企业是提升产业链供应链稳定性和竞争力的基础力量，是推动经济高质量发展的重要主体。专精特新企业的梯度培育，是一项重要的战略任务，需要从省级到国家级形成一个完整的标准体系和措施体系，实现优质企业的有序流动和优化升级。本文从梯度培育的理论和实践两个方面，分析了专精特新企业的梯度培育的必要性、目标、路径和机制，以及从省级到国家级的标准与措施，提出了加快培育发展专精特新企业的建议和对策。希望本文能为专精特新企业的梯度培育提供一些参考和启示。

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